If the flesh next to the toenail is visibly swollen and suppurating, it is considered to be a local infection, mostly after trauma, or after excessive trimming of the toenail resulting in local soft tissue damage, which is also prone to secondary infection. Surgical incision and drainage should be performed in a timely manner, and regular medication changes are required, along with anti-infective treatment. Some patients with atherosclerotic occlusive disease and distal limb ischemia may also lead to necrosis secondary to infection. Patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to peripheral vasculopathy, leading to diabetic foot, which can also lead to the formation of local abscesses. Patients can also develop fever, which is also treated with surgery as well as anti-infection therapy. Normally, attention should be paid to monitoring changes in blood sugar and blood pressure, a reasonable diet, low salt and low fat diet, eating less and more meals, appropriate sports and exercise, and regular lower limb vascular ultrasound.