Concept of malignant tumor: Malignant tumor, also known as cancer. It grows rapidly, invades surrounding tissues without obvious boundaries, has a hard texture, no envelope, and is indistinguishable from normal tissues. In addition to growing in size, the cells can spread and spread to the surrounding area and have powerful destructive effects. In the late stage, the cells are often fixed on a certain tissue or organ, with necrosis, ulceration and bleeding, and it is difficult to stop bleeding and healing. After surgery, the cells are not only prone to recurrence but can also spread to other parts of the body along small lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. The effect on the body can be not only obstruction and compression, but also other hazards, even death. Cancer poses a great threat to human health and life. Among the 5.2 billion people in the world, about 7 million people get cancer every year, and more than 5 million people die from cancer every year, almost one cancer patient dies every 6 seconds. In China, there are ten common and important malignant tumors: lung cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, intestinal cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, malignant lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer and so on. Among them, lung cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and cervical cancer are the most common, accounting for about 70%-80% of all malignant tumors. Men, women and children of all ages have the possibility of developing cancer. The risk of cancer generally increases with age, but it is also affected by living environment, lifestyle and genetic factors. 19 taboos for cancer prevention A taboo against eating too much sausage. Sausage in the production process to add a certain proportion of preservatives – nitrite, the substance in the body can be combined with the protein amine, forming a carcinogen called methyl industry nitrosamine. Two avoid eating too much salted fish, salted fish in the process of curing fish body produces a large number of dimethyl nitrite. Therefore, the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer is 30-40 times higher than the average person who often eats salted fish. Three avoid eating too much chili pepper, so as not to stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa and produce inflammation. Four avoid eating pickles, especially the pickled vegetables, which contain nitrite compounds, is a carcinogenic substance. Five avoid chewing with betel nut non-stop, so as not to cause oral cancer. Six avoid drinking repeatedly boiled water. Seven avoid eating overnight cooked cabbage. Eight avoid eating oil often. Nine avoid eating fried food. Ten avoid eating too much dried fish fillets. Eleven avoid eating rotten ginger. Twelve avoid eating long sprouted peanuts. Thirteen avoid eating too much melon seeds. Fourteen avoid eating moldy food. Fifteen avoid excessive sunlight. Sixteen avoid excessive smoking and alcohol. XVII avoid partial food or eating the same diet repeatedly for a long time. XVIII avoid irregular diet or too full meals. Nineteen avoid overworking and lack of physical exercise. Top 10 malignant tumors in Henan: 1, stomach cancer (genetic + stomach disease + junk food); 2, liver cancer (hepatitis + alcoholism); 3, lung cancer (exhaust gas + smoking: 3 20); 4, esophageal cancer (coarse, hard, hot and fast + sauerkraut + water); 5, intestinal cancer (fine food + fiber deficiency + long-term misdiagnosis as hemorrhoids); 6, breast cancer (high fat + high E level + depression); 7, cervical cancer (inflammation – celiac disease); 8, white cancer (inflammation – celiac disease) -(celiac disease); 8, leukemia (decoration p genetic); 9, nasopharyngeal cancer (viral infection); 10, bladder cancer. Ten warning signs of malignant tumor 1. palpable or non-disappearing lumps on breast, skin, tongue, or any part of the body; 2. changes in warts or moles (deepening in color, rapid increase in size, itching, ulcers, bleeding); 3. persistent indigestion; 4. choking sensation when swallowing food, pain, stuffy discomfort behind the sternum, foreign body sensation in the esophagus; 5. tinnitus, hearing loss, nasal congestion, headache, blood in nasopharyngeal secretions from aspiration and coughing; 6. 6. abnormal heavy bleeding during menstruation, irregular vaginal bleeding outside menstruation or after menopause; 7. persistent hoarseness, dry cough, blood in sputum; 8. unexplained blood and mucus in stool or alternating diarrhea and constipation, unexplained hematuria; 9. untreated wounds and ulcers; 10. unexplained weight loss for a longer period of time. Tumor prevention starts from children At present, there are five unfavorable factors for children’s cancer prevention: 1. too fine diet, lack of many kinds of fiber and green vegetables; 2. too many additives in food, such as antibiotics, hormones and heavy metals in agricultural and sideline products and other toxic substances that are harmful to children; 3. serious pollution of air, water and indoor decoration in living environment; 4. electronic dust and electronic particles brought by many household appliances such as computers pollution, affecting children’s central nervous and immune functions; 5. Obesity and high-fat diet can cause an increase in estrogen, making girls menstruate earlier, which is closely related to the incidence of breast cancer. Suggestions: Children should establish a scientific lifestyle from childhood, live a regular life, be good at regulating psychological stress, eat a rough diet, and strengthen exercise to enhance their ability to resist diseases. Be alert to precancerous lesions Precancerous lesions are the morphology of proliferating epithelial cells showing a certain degree of heterogeneity, but it is not enough to diagnose as cancer. The common ones are: 1. mucosal white spots; 2. chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer; 3. cervicitis/erosion; 4. cystic hyperplasia of breast; 5. adenomatous polyp of gastrointestinal tract; 6. chronic ulcerative colitis; 7. long-term non-healing rupture and scar, etc. Not all precancerous lesions develop into cancer, most of them “hang on” here and stabilize for a long time, or even recede and recover. Only a small percentage of lesions will continue to develop and eventually become cancerous. Screening tests for cancer: Breast. Self-examination of breast every month since the age of 20; annual mammogram by a doctor since the age of 40; mammogram every 1 – 2 years since the age of 40 and once a year at the age of 50. Colorectal. Anal finger examination by the doctor every year since the age of 40; sigmoidoscopy and fecal occult blood test every 3~5 years since the age of 50. For those who have diarrhea, mucus-purulent stools, and urgency, anal finger examination or colonoscopy should be routinely performed. For cases with colorectal polyps and adenomas, once diagnosed, they should be removed early and closely followed up and observed. Cervical. Bapanicolaou smear and pelvic examination should be performed annually starting from the age of 18 – 25 years, or for some populations starting from sexual activity; if once a year is negative for 3 consecutive years it can be changed to once every 3 years. High-risk groups, such as those with sexual disorders and HPV infection, should be examined every six months. Prostate. annual rectal examination or serum prostate-specific antibody level from age 50 (controversial). For some high-risk groups, such as those with a family history of prostate cancer, screening exams should be performed annually starting at age 40; colorectal ultrasound is not effective. Lung. Routine chest X-ray or sputum cytology is not currently recommended for asymptomatic individuals; smoking prevention and cessation should be encouraged. Skin. Comprehensive skin examination, reduction of sun exposure, and skin self-examination in at-risk populations (family history, increased sun exposure, appearance of precursor lesions). Ovarian. Ovarian screening has not been recommended for asymptomatic women, with the exception of adnexal examinations performed for pelvic examinations due to other reasons; pelvic ultrasound and measurement of serum CA-125 levels are useful, especially for menopausal women. Oral. Routine oral examination (preferably once a year) by a physician wearing gloves only in high-risk groups (smokers, alcohol drinkers, those presenting with precursor lesions); regular dental examinations and interruption of risk exposure are encouraged. Stomach. Barium radiography of the upper gastrointestinal tract is not used as a screening test in the United States (this method has proven useful in endemic areas such as Japan). Four measures to control cancer in our country: 1. Quit smoking: Smoking is associated with lung, esophageal, throat, oral cavity, pancreatic, bladder, and kidney cancers. If our smokers quit smoking, cancer can be reduced by 20%. Even if it is not achieved, smoking less, smoking low-tar smoke, smoking age postponement, can also reduce the mortality and incidence of lung cancer, etc. 2.Hepatitis B vaccination: Hepatitis B virus is related to liver cancer. If infants can be generally vaccinated against hepatitis B, it can reduce the number of hepatitis B sufferers in the population by 80% and liver cancer by 6%. If there is universal vaccination among children, adolescents and adults, liver cancer will be further reduced. 3.Rational diet: Overweight and obese people – breast cancer, intestinal cancer and pancreatic cancer are on the rise. It is also important to eat more high-fiber, vitamin A-rich foods. A proper diet can reduce the incidence of cancer by 10%. 4.Regular screening: The first few items are etiological prevention to solve the problem of cancer at the root. Once cancer occurs, we should strive for early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. Regular cancer screening should be done around the age of 40. Annual cervical exfoliative cell screening can effectively control the occurrence of cervical cancer in women. It is necessary to have a mammogram once a year before and after menopause.