An esophageal hiatal hernia is formed when a large portion of the abdominal esophagus, cardia fundus or stomach protrudes into the thoracic cavity. According to the different degrees of esophageal hiatus opening and the amount of esophagogastric herniation into the thoracic cavity, it is clinically classified into sliding hernia, paraesophageal hernia and mixed hernia. Esophageal hiatus hernia is mostly seen in infants and young children, and the clinical manifestations are diverse and require careful observation of the following main symptoms Vomiting The vomiting of coffee-like liquid or vomiting of blood will often occur in the lying position or at night due to reflux esophagitis of the lower esophagus. Symptoms of respiratory infection such as cough and shortness of breath are often the chief complaint at the consultation. Dysphagia A gradual worsening of reflux esophagitis as a result of a sliding esophageal hiatal hernia. Diagnosis: frequent vomiting, malnutrition, recurrent respiratory infections and other symptoms. Exclude other congenital diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems, and further confirm the diagnosis by performing upper gastrointestinal imaging, etc. If conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical treatment is required. Trans-thoracic esophageal hiatal hernia repair, fundoplication and fixation, and diaphragm repair are commonly performed.