Esophageal hiatal hernia: The esophagus must pass through the diaphragmatic foramen in order to pass down the thoracic cavity into the abdominal cavity and connect with the stomach. When the esophageal foramen is enlarged, the diaphragmatic foot becomes weak, resulting in the ventral segment of the esophagus, cardia and fundus entering the mediastinum and thoracic cavity through the esophageal foramen as the abdominal pressure increases. This is a structural abnormality in which part of the gastric tissue projects into the thoracic cavity through the diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus. The majority of esophageal hiatal hernias are acquired and congenital cases are rare. In elderly people, the fissure widens as they age, or the weakness, chronic constipation or frequent full meals cause part of the stomach to protrude upward, thus inducing an “esophageal hiatus hernia”; in other cases, a sudden violent impact on the abdomen, or a fall from a high place, or lifting an overweight object causes the esophageal fissure to tear and widen, which is also called “traumatic esophageal hiatal hernia”. There are many causes that induce esophageal hiatal hernia. Long-term constipation, obesity, overeating, wolf swallowing, overfeeding, bending and working at night or after meals, lying down after meals, excessive consumption of greasy, sweet and spicy foods can cause esophageal hiatal hernia; in addition, pregnancy, wearing tight-waisted clothes and excessive smoking can also cause esophageal hiatal hernia; esophageal hiatal hernia occurs with high frequency in people above middle age, among which women The incidence is four times higher in women than in men. Clinical symptoms have the following five groups of manifestations: 1. pain of different nature at multiple sites, subxiphoid, epigastric, retrosternal, and precordial pain, with individual cases of disseminated pain; 2. upper gastrointestinal reflux symptoms, with nausea, vomiting, belching, acid reflux, heartburn, and food reflux; 3. obstructive symptoms: choking on food, difficulty in swallowing; 4. upper gastrointestinal bleeding, vomiting blood, blood in stool; 5. other symptoms, heartburn, shortness of breath, foreign body sensation in the pharynx, etc. The symptoms of gliding esophageal hiatal hernia and paraesophageal hernia are somewhat different: for the gliding type, there is significant stomach pain and difficulty in swallowing, while paraesophageal hernia often presents with arrhythmia, hiccups, difficulty in swallowing, gangrene and gastrointestinal ulcers. An open incision is usually used to perform an esophageal hiatal hernia repair with fundoplication, in which the contents of the hernia are incorporated into the abdominal cavity and the redundant hernia sac or loose diaphragmoesophageal ligament is removed, thus loosening the lower esophagus, carefully identifying the right and left diaphragmatic feet, and suturing behind the esophagus. An anti-reflux treatment, i.e. fundoplication, is also performed. We now use laparoscopic esophageal hiatal hernia repair with fundoplication. Prevention: pay attention to regulating your life, do not overeat, eat as little rough food as possible to prevent abrasion of the esophageal mucosa and increase the burden on the stomach; do not eat too sweet, sour, spicy, sticky and indigestible food and barbecue food; try to stretch the chest and abdomen after meals to keep the esophagus above the diaphragm; lie on the left side at rest; do not tighten the waist with a belt, use a cloth belt to loosen the waist of the pants; do not lift heavy objects and keep the bowels Do not lift heavy objects, and keep your bowels open.