Gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophageal hiatal hernia are two diseases that follow each other like a shadow. Gastroesophageal reflux is a functional concept that refers to the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus, which then reaches the throat and airway, causing a series of symptoms and complications; esophageal hiatal hernia is an anatomical change that occurs in the cardia. It occurs in the esophageal hiatus, where the stomach and lower esophagus protrude into the thoracic cavity, and is called an esophageal hiatus hernia. Esophageal hiatus hernia is not visible through the body and requires gastroscopy or imaging to see. There is no internal organ bulging out of the hiatus hernia, but the painful symptoms can cause gastroesophageal reflux, so many patients with hiatus hernia have combined reflux symptoms, so it is closely related to gastroesophageal reflux. Of course, in some patients with hiatal hernia but no reflux symptoms, this kind of hiatal hernia can be observed and does not need to be treated. If it has caused chronic reflux, this hiatal hernia needs to be treated. So one is an anatomical concept and the other is a functional concept, and there is a crossover part.