The pain in the stomach during menstruation is commonly known as dysmenorrhea, which is divided into primary dysmenorrhea without organic lesions and secondary dysmenorrhea triggered by pathological changes. The former is physiologic, while the latter may be caused by endometriosis, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease and other diseases, and is often treated with medication and surgery. 1. Primary dysmenorrhea: It is mainly caused by the different physique of each person. Patients should keep warm during menstruation, pay attention to rest, eat a healthy diet, quit smoking and limit alcohol. Psychologically, patients need to understand that mild discomfort during menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon, relax and eliminate tension. For severe cases, painkillers such as ibuprofen can be taken to relieve pain. 2. Secondary dysmenorrhea: Secondary dysmenorrhea may be caused by acute gastroenteritis, endometriosis, adenomyosis and other diseases. (1) Endometriosis or adenomyosis: It may also be accompanied by symptoms such as increased menstrual flow and a feeling of anal swelling. Patients should actively consult the doctor and take medication under the doctor’s guidance, such as injection of leuprolide and progesterone. (2) Pelvic inflammatory disease: this needs to go to the hospital to check and confirm the diagnosis, and then follow the doctor’s instructions to apply medication such as norfloxacin, levofloxacin, metronidazole and so on. For patients with dysmenorrhea, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time to improve the sex hormones, ultrasound and other related examinations, under the guidance of specialists to identify the causes of follow-up targeted treatment.