There are various reasons for kidney swelling and pain, the most common are as follows: I. History of acute urinary tract infection, in addition to swelling and pain in the kidney area can also be accompanied by frequent urination, urinary urgency, urinary pain, chills and fever and other discomforts, and need to apply antibiotic treatment. Second, acute glomerulonephritis combined with upper respiratory tract infection, hematuria, transient hypertension, some patients may have renal function abnormalities, belonging to the immune system disease. Penicillin antibiotic treatment is needed, while preserving the kidney and lowering urinary protein treatment. Third, polycystic kidney acute infection or acute nephritis, acute nephritis need to carry out renal puncture biopsy to clarify the type of pathology, if necessary, the application of hormone shock therapy. If it is caused by polycystic kidney, it can also be clearly diagnosed by urinary ultrasound. In this case, it is an autosomal dominant disease, there is no special treatment, and infection should be avoided as much as possible.