The etiology of urinary incontinence is complex The main pathological changes in stress incontinence are both endogenous urethral sphincter weakness and excessive downward movement of the posterior horn of the bladder urethra, with the latter being more common and a few patients having both. According to the relationship between storage and voiding, normal human physiology can only be accomplished if the bladder detrusor and urethral sphincter are complementary and closely synergistic. Problems with either of the two sets of muscles can result in dysuria. Women are more prone to urinary incontinence than men, and there are many common reasons: 1, women are born with shorter urinary tracts, and are prone to urinary tract infections; 2, relaxation of pelvic muscle ligaments after pregnancy and childbirth, and poor rest and premature weight-bearing after childbirth; 3, giving birth to more children, or poorly repaired birth injuries, resulting in pelvic floor muscle fascia defects; 4, after menopause, the function of the ovaries to synthesize estrogen is drastically reduced, and the mucosal atrophy and wrinkling of the urethra and the bladder neck. The mucous membrane of the urethra and bladder neck atrophies and the wrinkled wall disappears, resulting in the weakening of the power to close the urethra. Young women who have both ovaries removed due to illness will also suffer from stress incontinence due to low estrogen levels; 5. Direct or indirect injuries to the bladder and urethral tissues after pelvic surgery and so on.