I. Estimation by fasting blood sugar: Daily insulin dosage (μ) = [fasting blood sugar (mg/dl) – 100] x 10 x body weight (kg) x 0.6 ÷ 1000 ÷ 2 100 is the normal value of blood sugar; x 10 converts the amount of higher than normal blood sugar per liter of body fluids; x 0.6 is the amount of body fluids for 60% of the whole body; ÷ 1000 is the conversion of blood sugar mg to grams; ÷ 2 is 2 grams of blood sugar using 1 μ insulin. To avoid hypoglycemia, the actual use of its 1/2 – 1/3 amount. 2.Estimated by 24-hour urine glucose: Those with mild disease, no diabetic nephropathy and normal renal glucose threshold are given 1μ insulin for every 2 grams of urine glucose. 3.According to the calculation of body weight: 0.5–0.8μ/kg for high blood sugar and severe disease; 0.4–0.5μ/kg for mild disease; no more than 1.0μ/kg for severe disease and stress state. 4.According to the estimation of 4 times urine sugar: without diabetic nephropathy and with basic normal renal sugar threshold, according to the amount of urine sugar qualitative “+” before each meal. Estimation. Generally, a “+” requires 4μ of insulin. 5. Comprehensive estimation: There are many factors affecting insulin action in the body, and individual differences are large, so the above calculation may not be in line with reality. Second, how to allocate insulin dosage According to the above estimation, the dosage of insulin should be injected 15–30 minutes before three meals daily, and the dosage should be allocated as before breakfast > before dinner > before lunch. Because the body antagonistic insulin hormone secretion before breakfast is more, so insulin dosage should be larger; and generally short-acting insulin peak time 2 – 4 hours, so the dosage before lunch is the smallest; most patients do not use insulin before bedtime, to the next morning, so the dosage before dinner is larger than before lunch. If it is also used once before bedtime, the dosage should be reduced before dinner and even less before bedtime to prevent hypoglycemia at night. Third, how to adjust the insulin dosage After the initial estimated dosage is observed for 2 – 3 days, the dosage will be further adjusted according to the condition, blood sugar and urine sugar. 1. Qualitative adjustment according to 4 times of urine glucose: Only for patients who have no condition to measure blood glucose and normal renal glucose threshold. Adjustment according to 4 times urine sugar qualitative in the first 3-4 days: insulin dosage before breakfast is based on urine sugar before lunch, insulin dosage before lunch is based on urine sugar before dinner, insulin dosage before dinner is based on urine before bedtime or the next morning (including morning urine of the same day). 2. Adjustment according to blood glucose: diabetic patients, especially type I diabetes and patients with abnormal renal sugar threshold, should adjust insulin dosage according to the blood glucose value before three meals and before bedtime.