Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have gradually become the five major means of anti-tumor treatment. The weapons are in hand, and whether they are used well or not depends entirely on the level of the doctor. So which stages of melanoma treatment can these tools be applied? Surgery: The first choice for early melanoma patients. Patients who do not see distant metastases need to perform resection of the primary foci, and at the same time decide to expand the scope of resection according to the thickness of pathology. Some patients need to perform sentinel lymph node biopsy to check whether there is a possibility of regional lymph node metastasis, and if the sentinel lymph node biopsy is positive, regional lymph node dissection is needed. Once again, melanoma patients should not have their limbs amputated. Several international studies have confirmed that there is no difference in the efficacy of amputation between a 2 cm extension and amputation, but the quality of life of patients will be reduced by half after amputation. In addition, there are some palliative resection, only to improve the symptoms, can not prolong the survival of patients. 2. Chemotherapy: It is often heard that patients and even some doctors claim that melanoma is not sensitive to radiotherapy. Indeed, melanoma is a very immunogenic tumor, and radiotherapy is less sensitive compared with other tumors. However, in the past decades, melanoma, as one of the most malignant tumors, had very limited treatment options, and chemotherapy remained an important tool. In recent years, chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy has been even more preferred as the first choice for patients with advanced non-mutant melanoma. Commonly used effective chemotherapeutic agents include: dacarbazine, temozolomide, cisplatin, carboplatin, fumonisin, paclitaxel, and albumin paclitaxel. Combination chemotherapy is more efficient, and the choice of the program needs to be decided by the melanoma specialist according to the patient’s general condition, underlying disease, metastatic status, etc. 3.Radiotherapy: It is generally believed that melanoma is not sensitive to radiotherapy. (1) local radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal melanoma is needed after surgery to reduce the local recurrence rate; (2) radiotherapy for bone metastases to control local bone destruction and reduce pain; (3) gamma knife treatment for brain metastases to control brain metastases, the significance of whole brain radiotherapy is unclear and is currently under study; (4) local radiotherapy is feasible for some patients with multiple regional lymph node metastases to reduce the probability of regional lymph node recurrence. 4. Targeted therapy: In principle, targeted therapy includes “specific” and “broad-spectrum” targeted drugs. The “specific” targeted drugs include Ckit inhibitor Imatinib and Braf inhibitor Verofinib. Patients carrying these mutations have low efficiency in conventional treatment, and specific targeted drugs have fast onset of action and relatively low toxic side effects, so they are generally preferred except for economic reasons. The “broad spectrum” targeted drugs include endothelial inhibitor Endo, anti-angiogenic drug Bevacizumab, multi-target inhibitors Sorafenib, Sotan, mTOR inhibitor Everolimus, etc. It is worth noting that “broad-spectrum” targeted drugs need to be combined with chemotherapy drugs to achieve the best efficacy, and the melanoma specialists need to be involved in guiding how to match and handle side effects. Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy is the hottest development in oncology in the last 5 years. But in fact, looking back at the history of melanoma treatment, immunotherapy has been applied for many years. More than ten years ago, several international multicenter clinical randomized studies confirmed and confirmed high-dose interferon as the first choice for adjuvant treatment of cutaneous melanoma. In recent years, new drugs such as epilimumab and PD-1 antibodies have made melanoma a paradigm of tumor immunotherapy. Overall, melanoma is a tumor of relatively high malignancy. However, melanoma is not a death sentence. Many patients with early stage melanoma may not recur after standard treatment, or at least prolong the time of recurrence, and patients with metastases are able to prolong their lives and reduce their pain.