The causes of coma can be found in toxic encephalopathy, central nervous system infection, severe acid-base imbalance and ionic disorder. In addition, hepatic and renal failure and severe hypoglycemia can also lead to coma. In the rescue process of comatose patients, firstly, the respiratory and circulatory functions of the patients should be stabilized, in order to ensure the blood perfusion and oxygen delivery to the important organs, and to reduce or avoid further aggravation of the damage of the organ functions. When the patient has respiratory failure, the establishment of an artificial airway can be considered, and mechanically assisted ventilation can be performed. Combined with the patient’s previous underlying diseases, clinical examination, should analyze the causes of coma, and actively improve the relevant examinations to further support their diagnostic viewpoints, such as diabetic patients with coma, can be given to patients with blood glucose, head CT, electrocardiogram, electrolytes, blood gas analysis and other tests. For patients with unknown etiology, multiple etiologic considerations should be given to avoid misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. For patients with clear etiology, the treatment should ensure that the respiratory and circulatory functions are stabilized under the premise of relevant causative treatment, and at the same time to maintain the stability of the patient’s internal environment, and actively prevent and control the possible complications.