Microtransplantation is an original and internationally influential new approach and transplantation concept for the treatment of leukemia, which has been successfully applied to elderly leukemia patients. After three years, the results of a clinical study of microtransplantation in high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and MDS-transformed AML were published today in the prestigious international journal Stem Cell Translational Medcine (impact factor 5.709), following the successful application of microtransplantation in young and middle-aged leukemia. The results showed that microtransplantation combined with chemotherapy in 21 patients with MDS and 22 patients with tAML resulted in overall response rates of 81% and 50%, complete remission rates (CR) of 52.4% and 36.4%, and 2-year survival rates of 84.7% and 34.1%, respectively, with neutrophil and platelet recovery times of 14 and 17 days for MDS and 16 and 19 days for tAML. This technique combined with chemotherapy provides a new, effective and safe treatment for high-risk MDS and tAML patients, doubling the internationally recognized 2-year survival rate, and is currently the journal with the highest impact factor for the treatment of this disease in China. Based on the results of this research, a multicenter, randomized, open, controlled clinical study of microtransplantation for intermediate-risk2 and high-risk MDS will soon be initiated in China to evaluate the efficacy and safety of microtransplantation treatment. Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of acquired, heterogeneous myeloid clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cell origin, characterized by abnormal myeloid cell development, manifested by ineffective hematopoiesis, refractory hematocrit, hematopoietic failure, and a high risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).MDS occurs mostly in middle-aged and elderly people, with a median age of about 65 years at diagnosis. The annual incidence is about 5/100,000, with an annual incidence of 22-45/100,000 in people over 70 years of age. Patients can be classified into four risk groups based on bone marrow morphology, karyotype and hematocrit coefficient: low-risk, intermediate-risk-1, intermediate-risk-2 and high-risk. The expected median survival of MDS patients with low-risk or intermediate-risk-1 (about 70% of patients) is 3.5-5.7 years; the expected median survival of MDS patients with intermediate-risk-2 versus high-risk is only 0.4-1.2 years. Microtransplantation is a novel treatment for malignant hematologic diseases and tumors. Patients receive programmed transfusion of HLA incompatible post-mobilization peripheral hematopoietic stem cells (ex vivo treatment) after chemotherapy/targeted therapy for the respective tumor without GVHD prophylaxis, creating temporary or durable donor microchimerism in the patient, inducing specific anti-leukemic effects while avoiding the development of GVHD. The papers on the use of micrografts in elderly and young and middle-aged acute myeloid leukemia were published in 2011 and 2012 in Blood and Journal of Clinical Oncology (impact factor 18.6 points), respectively, the leading international professional journals. The results of the article showed that in elderly AML patients aged between 60 and 88 years, the combination chemotherapy and microtransplantation group achieved a complete remission rate of 80% and a two-year disease-free survival rate of 38.9%, which was significantly different from the chemotherapy-only group; the six-year disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate in the low-risk group of young and middle-aged AML patients were 84.4% and 89.5%, respectively, which were similar to the 59.2% and 65.2% in the intermediate-risk group The results were similar. The clinical results have been clinically validated in several centers in China, the United States, Australia and Spain, and have been described as “a new model for separating the anti-tumor effect of graft and graft-versus-host disease”, creating a new approach for the treatment of hematological diseases and malignant solid tumors with immune cell technology.