The sclera is part of the eyeball, the outermost wall of the eye, accounting for 5/6 of the entire outer wall of the eye, often referred to as the white eye. The sclera is surrounded by transparent conjunctival tissue, located deep within the bulbar conjunctiva, and is composed of dense, interlocking fibers that maintain the shape of the eye and protect it. The sclera is tough, opaque and mostly white in color. In children, because of its thinness, the sclera appears blue when passed against a white background, and in the elderly, because of the gradual deposition of fatty material, the sclera appears slightly yellow. When there is damage to the sclera, inflammation, or systemic diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis, herpes zoster, or systemic lupus erythematosus, it may manifest as loss of vision, scleral congestion, and severe eye pain, which is a condition of autoimmune or allergic symptoms. In general, with timely and effective treatment, superficial sclerositis has a good visual acuity and prognosis for the eye and is not prone to complications. However, deep sclerositis tends to recur, leading to scleral thinning. If not treated in a timely manner or with improper medication, the prognosis is generally poor, often spreading to intraocular tissues and causing complications, which can lead to blindness in severe cases. Therefore, early detection and timely treatment are more important. After active treatment, most superficial scleral infections can be cured and deep scleral infections can be reduced in number of episodes. Meanwhile, in daily life, we should pay attention to eye protection and reduce eye trauma.