OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
Colonic melanosis is a non-inflammatory, benign lesion characterized by reversible pigmentation of the colonic mucosa. Its essence is that macrophages in the lamina propria of the colonic mucosa contain large amounts of lipofuscin.
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Department of Medicine
Gastroenterology
Synonyms
Colorectal hyperpigmentation, Laxative enteritis
Clinical Symptoms
The main clinical manifestations are chronic constipation, abdominal distension and difficulty in defecation.
Hazards
This disease can be combined with polyps, enteritis, colon cancer and other diseases, which can lead to digestive system dysfunction.
Examination
Blood test, X-ray barium enema examination, colonoscopy, histopathological examination, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made based on the history of constipation, combined with colonoscopy and histopathologic examination.
Treatment principle
Constipation symptoms can be improved by diet and exercise, and can be treated surgically if necessary.
Curability
After treatment, the symptoms can be improved while the colon mucosa returns to normal.
Dietary advice
Diet should be light, easy to digest and rich in nutrients.
Etiology
Epidemiology
The disease is more common in the elderly, more in elderly men than women, and significantly more in young and middle-aged women than men.
Etiology
The cause of the disease is unknown.
Questions you may be concerned about
Can black lesions of the large intestine cause abdominal pain?
Colorectal black change may cause abdominal pain, mainly related to the deterioration of peristalsis of the large intestine, long-term internal laxatives and so on.
First of all, colorectal melanosis is the phagocytes in the mucosa of the colon have lipofuscin, resulting in the loss of healthy function of the patient’s intestinal tract, the peristalsis of the large intestine becomes poor, the patient may produce constipation, abdominal pain and other symptoms, and may cause pain in the lower abdomen and other manifestations.
There are also some patients are due to a long time internal laxatives, resulting in the colon mucosa of the melanin continues to deposit, causing non-inflammatory bowel disease. Patients who have abdominal pain after bowel movement are mainly caused by prolonged constipation, the condition continues to worsen, and no timely measures are taken.
In terms of treatment, patients are advised not to use laxatives containing coloring. You can follow the doctor’s instructions to take lactulose, etc. It is recommended that patients usually eat more fiber-rich foods, such as apples, bananas, etc., which can effectively improve the symptoms of constipation.
Colorectal melanosis accompanied by abdominal pain is recommended to timely hospital treatment.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
The common symptoms of colorectal neoplasia include chronic constipation, abdominal distension and difficulty in defecation, and a few patients can see hidden pain in the lower abdomen and loss of appetite.
Diagnostic basis
1. Most patients have a history of constipation and long-term use of laxatives. 2. Colonoscopy: the mucosa of the colon has brown or black granular or stripes, which are tiger-skin-like or betel-nut slice-like pigmented spots. The diagnosis can be made if the above two conditions are met. If necessary, it can be combined with histopathological examination, which shows that the epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa are roughly normal, and there are a large number of densely or sparsely distributed macrophages in the lamina propria, and the cytoplasm is full of pigmented particles.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
1. Improve constipation through diet and exercise, and stop using anthraquinone laxatives. 2. Surgery can be given if necessary.
Medication
For severe constipation, osmotic laxatives such as lactulose can be used instead of anthraquinone laxatives.
Surgical treatment
Mainly for constipation. If anterior rectal protrusion, internal rectal intussusception, or puborectal muscle syndrome cause defecation difficulties, surgical treatment measures such as anterior rectal protrusion repair, internal rectal intussusception fixation, and partial resection of puborectal muscle can be considered to restore normal defecation function.
Prognosis
The disease is a benign reversible damage with a favorable prognosis.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Reasonable exercise to improve constipation. 2. Maintain a happy mood and develop the habit of regular bowel movement. 3.
Dietary management
Diet should be low-fat, low-salt and rich in nutrients. Eat more foods rich in fiber. Do not eat spicy and stimulating food. Avoid smoking and alcohol.