Radiofrequency therapy is one of the emerging minimally invasive disc treatments in recent years and is mainly used to treat discogenic pain. It uses radiofrequency electrodes to create a radiofrequency electric field within the disc, which acts in a certain range around the working end. The radiofrequency current is a high frequency alternating current with a frequency of 100 kHz – 3 MHz. Radiofrequency ablation technology treats herniated discs by emitting radiofrequency energy through an ablation electrode in the disc through the exposed portion of the rod tip, thereby vaporizing a portion of the disc nucleus pulposus tissue. This technique ensures the contraction of the spiral structure of collagen molecules and maintains the vitality of the nucleus pulposus cells, which reduces the volume of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc and achieves decompression of the nerve roots, arteries, spinal cord and other tissues surrounding the disc to eliminate and relieve clinical symptoms, while increasing the local temperature in a short period of time, thus improving local circulation and relieving and improving the muscle spasm caused by pain. The high thermal temperature of 86-94 ℃ generated by radiofrequency can produce obvious physical volume contraction of the nucleus pulposus at the protruding site, and after the nucleus pulposus at the lesion site is retracted and displaced, the relative position relationship between the nucleus pulposus and the compressed nerve root is immediately changed, and the pressure transmission disappears immediately, so that the various symptoms caused by the compression of the nerve root can be improved immediately; the thermal coagulation effect is also beneficial to the inactivation of inflammatory factors, pain-causing factors, sinus cone nociceptors and edema The thermal coagulation effect also facilitates the inactivation of inflammatory factors, pain-causing factors, sinus cone nociceptors and edema elimination. The radiofrequency instrument has a safety testing system, which uses the principle of different bioelectrical impedance of different human tissue densities, synchronous impedance monitoring and sound monitoring to determine the macroscopic position of the electrode and the puncture needle; it uses the different responses of nerve fibers to different parameters of current stimulation to determine the microscopic position relationship between the electrode and nerve fibers, confirm the existence of sensory nerves and exclude motor nerves, so its positioning is accurate. No serious complications occurred in this group of cases, and the controllability of temperature, time and range during the treatment with small errors can effectively avoid thermal damage to the nerve root, which makes the risk of treatment much lower. The puncture needle used for radiofrequency is thin, with a diameter of 0.71 mm, and the damage caused by puncture is small. It can directly pass through the dural sac without damaging the cauda equina nerve, and the puncture channel has little damage and no exudation, and there is no pain during and after the operation, which avoids the use of anesthetic drugs and rarely causes leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. Only four patients in this group had postoperative hypocranial pressure symptoms. The high local temperature (86-94 ℃) can effectively reduce bleeding, and the small trauma and high temperature result in a low incidence of infection. The greatest advantage of radiofrequency ablation compared with open surgery is its minimally invasive nature. It is easy to operate and repeatable, and even if it fails, open surgery can be performed again. The postoperative recovery is fast and the complication rate is low, which can avoid complications such as bleeding, scar formation of paravertebral tissue, nerve injury and lumbar instability in open surgery. In conclusion, this procedure has the advantages of simple operation, slight trauma, high safety, reliable efficacy and fast recovery, and is one of the most widely used minimally invasive procedures for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.