There is no direct safety comparison between ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy; the procedure, preoperative preparation and common complications are different. Ureteroscopy is an intraureteral procedure using a small fiberoptic endoscope, usually used to treat ureteral stones. The ureteroscope itself will cause some irritation reaction to the mucous membrane and tissues on the surface of the ureter, which may cause a small amount of bleeding after the operation, but it is safer and less harmful to the body, but it may also lead to the possibility of ureteral avulsion and renal bleeding. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is to enter the kidney tissue from the skin to observe the condition inside the kidney, so as to have the effect of treating the injury or stone inside the kidney, also belongs to the minimally invasive surgery, which may cause bleeding of the inner skin, bleeding of the kidneys or postoperative infection, and so on. When choosing between ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy, you should choose the appropriate surgical plan according to your own disease condition and your doctor’s advice.