The effects of diabetes on the fetus are also significant, including an increased incidence of macrosomia and malformations, as well as the prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia and respiratory distress syndrome, among others. Clinically, a newborn weighing more than 4 kg is usually called a giant baby. The incidence of giant babies among newborns born to diabetic women is as high as 10% to 40%, which is 3 to 4 times higher than that of non-diabetic women. Huge babies can significantly increase the burden of pregnant women with diabetes, and the incidence of birth injury, cesarean section, prolonged labor, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum infection and neonatal hypoglycemia also increases accordingly. The incidence of malformations in newborns is also significantly higher, three to five times higher than in non-diabetic women. These malformations include hydrocephalus, spina bifida, anencephaly, cardiac malformations, renal malformations, anal atresia, etc. These malformations may be related to hyperglycemia and hyperglycemia occurring during pregnancy, especially in early pregnancy. Since the fetus of a diabetic pregnant woman is stimulated by hyperglycemia and often has hyperinsulinemia in her body, the maternal blood glucose supply is suddenly interrupted after delivery, while the high insulin level in the newborn remains, so it is easy to cause hypoglycemia in the newborn. Although newborns of diabetic women are fat, their lungs are often underdeveloped, so the chance of respiratory distress after birth is greatly increased. These factors contribute to a significant increase in perinatal mortality in newborns of diabetic women.