Inflammation of the lymph nodes can be caused by various pathogens, such as viral infections, commonly including cytomegalovirus and rubella virus infections, among others. In addition, bacterial infections can also be seen, and a variety of purulent bacterial infections can lead to lymph node inflammation. Secondly, tuberculosis infections can also be seen, as they can lead to tuberculous lymphadenitis. Parasitic infections can also be seen clinically, such as Toxoplasma gondii infection in adults, which mainly manifests as lymphadenitis. In conclusion, a variety of causes can lead to lymph node inflammation, and specific treatment measures should be analyzed according to the specific cause.