Characteristics of urological diseases in the elderly: With the degenerative changes of the organs of the urological system in the elderly, the morphology and function of each organ will change accordingly, and the resulting diseases are obviously different from those of young and middle-aged patients, mainly in the following aspects: 1. The incidence of urinary tract infections is significantly increased due to the gradual weakening of the immune system function of the whole body in elderly patients, and the local anti-infection mechanism also decreases significantly with the decline in hormone levels. The urinary system is a system connected to the outside world through the urethral orifice, and pathogenic microorganisms from the outside world can easily be retrograde infections through the urethral orifice, so the incidence of urinary tract infections in elderly patients is significantly higher than in young adults. In addition, because of urinary tract infection, elderly patients are also prone to urinary tract infection stones, and the presence of stones in turn aggravates the occurrence and development of infection. 2, prostate enlargement and prostate cancer have become common diseases prostatitis is one of the most common diseases in young and strong men, but for older men, prostate enlargement becomes more common, as age increases, men have more or less prostate enlargement occurring. Some studies have shown that prostate enlargement begins after the age of 40, but is more common in older people over the age of 60. The main symptom of prostate enlargement is difficulty in urination, the lighter the increase in the number of night urination, the phenomenon of incomplete urination or urination after a small amount of discharge; serious cases appear urine stream becomes thin, or even can not urinate phenomenon; at the same time often accompanied by lumbar pain, limb weakness and other symptoms. Another important prostate disease in the elderly is prostate cancer, and studies have shown that the occurrence of prostate cancer is closely related to the changes in androgen levels in the body of the elderly. The incidence of prostate cancer in the United States has surpassed that of lung cancer as the first tumor that endangers men’s health. In recent years, with the improvement of our living standard, high protein and high fat diet is becoming more and more common, and the life expectancy of the people has increased significantly, which are the reasons for the increasing incidence of prostate cancer. The incidence of urological tumors is on the rise in elderly patients Urological tumors can occur in any part of the urinary system, including tumors of the kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra and other parts. Benign tumors of the kidney include renal cysts, vascular smooth muscle lipomas, etc. Malignant tumors are mainly renal carcinomas (also called renal cell carcinomas), which account for more than 90% of the substantial tumors of the kidney. The internal environment they are exposed to is urine, and carcinogenic substances often cause malignant changes in the uroepithelium through urine, resulting in tumors. Therefore, uroepithelial tumors of renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra all have their commonality, and may occur in multiple organs at the same time. Since urine stays in the bladder for the longest time, it causes the most common bladder cancer. The incidence of urological malignant tumors in the elderly, like malignant tumors in other systems, is significantly higher than that in young adults due to the gradual decline in the function of the immune system, which deserves attention. 4, urinary stones also have a certain incidence urinary stones, also known as urolithiasis, include stones in the kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. There are significant regional differences in the incidence of urolithiasis, with many areas of the world having a high incidence of urinary stones, and the incidence in southern China being much higher than that in the north. The development of urolithiasis is closely related to the nutritional status. In poor and backward countries, where the food is mainly vegetable protein and the urine lacks phosphate, bladder stones are likely to occur, especially in children, while calcium-containing kidney stones are common in adults in developed countries. There are many theories of urinary stone formation, such as the nucleation theory, the matrix theory, and the crystalline inhibitor theory, but there is no theory that can explain all the mechanisms of urinary stone formation. Urinary obstruction, foreign bodies and infections can promote urinary stone formation, and conversely, urinary stones can be the cause of obstruction and infection. Metabolic diseases such as hyperparathyroidism, gout, oxalic acid and cystine can also be the cause of urinary stone formation. In elderly people, residual urine can be significantly increased due to prostatic hyperplasia and hypokinesia, which is an important reason for the prevalence of bladder stones. In addition, some metabolic problems in elderly patients, such as hyperuricemia and recurrent urinary tract infections, are also important factors for the occurrence of urinary stones. It can be seen that the urological diseases of the elderly have their special characteristics, on the one hand, the change of disease species and incidence, and more importantly, the problem is that the compensatory and anti-disease abilities of the organs of the elderly organism are significantly decreasing, and the tolerance to the disease itself and the treatment is also decreasing, so we are required to adopt minimally invasive and short surgical procedures or non-surgical treatment as much as possible in the treatment of the disease, so that the trauma and complications to a minimum.