Surgery for enlarged anal papillae carries risks, such as postoperative bleeding, pain, and infection. Anal papilla hypertrophy is a benign tumor of the anus, which can also be called anal papilloma or anal papilla fibroma, and some people think that anal papilla hypertrophy is a proliferative disease. Clinically, the enlarged anal papillae can be detached from the anus with defecation, and repeated stimulation of the anus leads to increased secretion, and some patients have bleeding after defecation, incomplete defecation and anal itching. Therefore, surgery is recommended for anal papilla hypertrophy. Surgery for enlarged anal papillae is usually performed by transanal excision, but there are certain risks associated with either type of surgery, and the main risk of surgery for enlarged anal papillae is bleeding. Perianal nerve distribution is more dense after surgery, some patients feel pain, patients because of anal defecation can easily lead to contamination can be induced by infection, etc., so after surgery, it is generally recommended to take a sitz bath with 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution in a timely manner, local antibacterial and other treatments. There are some other rare risks, such as allergy to anesthesia drugs, anal stenosis, anal incontinence and so on. If the diagnosis of anal papillary hypertrophy is confirmed, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time and follow the doctor’s instructions to give reasonable treatment to avoid delaying the condition.