Anterior mediastinal nodules are abnormal tissue in the anterior mediastinum. The mediastinum is the area inside the chest cavity of the human body that contains several tissues and organs, such as the aortic arch of the heart, blood vessels, and nerves, etc. The mediastinum is divided into the anterior, middle, and posterior parts. Nodules in the anterior mediastinum are more commonly seen as cysts, lymphadenitis, thymoma, intrathoracic goiter and neuroma, lipoma, etc., and need to be judged according to the overall situation of the whole body. If there is no symptom, and the anterior mediastinal nodule is detected by physical examination and the weight is normal, then it can be followed up for observation and regular review. If it is accompanied by fever, cough, chest pain, weight loss, especially in a short period of time, it needs to be considered related to the tumor. It is recommended to go to the thoracic surgery department of the hospital for anterior mediastinal nodule puncture cytology examination to confirm the diagnosis of the lesion and then targeted treatment.