Whenever “hormones” are mentioned, the first thing that comes to mind is the various side effects and complications of using hormones, so they are resistant to or even afraid of using hormones (especially when used intravenously and in large doses). In fact, hormone is a “double-edged sword”, which can “kill the enemy and also hurt oneself”, and can be used properly as a “magic weapon” to “kill the enemy and protect oneself”. Of course, improper use is likely to result in the tragedy of “killing a thousand enemies and damaging 800” or even “killing 800 enemies and damaging a thousand”. 5 major categories of hormones: 1, adrenocorticosteroids, such as glucocorticoids, salt corticosteroids, etc. 2, sex hormones, such as androgens, estrogen, etc. 3.Thyroid hormones, such as T3, T4, etc. 4.Insulin, such as long-acting insulin, short-acting insulin, etc. 5, anterior pituitary hormones, such as growth hormone, growth inhibitor, etc. The hormones familiar to and often used by renal patients (such as methylprednisolone, mirexone, prednisone, prednisolone, medrol, etc.) are all synthetic glucocorticoids with therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory (not antibacterial), anti-allergic, immunosuppressive, antitoxic, anti-shock, pain relief, and stimulation of bone marrow hematopoiesis. Side effects of hormones Long-term use of glucocorticoids in supraphysiological doses may cause the following symptoms and side effects: obesity, hirsutism, acne, increased blood sugar, hypertension, atherosclerosis, limb edema, menstrual disorders, osteoporosis, femoral head necrosis, peptic ulcers, and induced or aggravated infections, etc. After renal transplantation, in which cases hormones are used 1. Postoperative maintenance immunosuppression regimen Oral hormones such as prednisone and medrol are still used by most transplantation centers worldwide and are an integral part of the postoperative triple immunosuppression regimen. Although a few studies have concluded that hormone withdrawal immunosuppression regimens can also maintain good function of the transplanted kidney. However, hormone withdrawal regimens are still controversial, for example, they may increase the recurrence of certain types of nephritis in the transplanted kidney. 2. Intraoperative and early postoperative immune induction Intraoperative and early postoperative renal transplantation will be used intravenously for a short period of time with higher doses of hormones (mainly methylprednisolone, such as methylprednisolone and mirexone) as part of the immune induction regimen to reduce the incidence of acute rejection of the transplanted kidney in the early postoperative period. 3.Treatment of acute cellular rejection After the diagnosis of acute cellular rejection by transplant kidney puncture pathology, short-term intravenous hormone shock therapy is still a commonly used treatment plan, which has better efficacy for reversing acute cellular rejection and is not costly. 4. Acute treatment of pulmonary inflammation Pulmonary infection is a serious complication that can endanger patients’ lives after kidney transplantation. The early use of small doses of intravenous hormones and effective antibacterial drugs in exudative pulmonary inflammation can reduce the inflammatory exudation of the lungs and improve the prognosis of pulmonary inflammation. In addition, the intravenous use of hormones can also help prevent rejection of the transplanted kidney due to the need to reduce the dosage of immunosuppressive drugs in pulmonary inflammation. 5, alternative treatment when oral immunosuppression is difficult Kidney transplant patients need to fast during surgery and other reasons, resulting in oral immunosuppression can not be used, or due to gastrointestinal diseases and other causes of oral immunosuppression malabsorption, short-term intravenous use of hormones is also an alternative option to maintain the body’s immunosuppressed state and prevent the occurrence of transplant rejection.