Although syringomyelia and inguinal hernia are both caused by the failure of the syringomyelia to close and the protrusion of a foreign body, the difference lies mainly in the subsequent pathogenesis and treatment modalities caused by the different contents. 1. The contents of syringomyelia are liquid and cystic, but the contents of inguinal hernia may be accompanied by intestinal tubes or omental tissues and present a sense of tenderness. Therefore, in the transillumination test, the syringomyelia is translucent, while the inguinal hernia is not translucent. 2. Syringomyelia can be divided into simple and traffic according to whether it communicates with the abdominal cavity or not, while inguinal hernia can be divided into inguinal hernia and inguinal hernia according to the different ways and paths of herniation. 3. Both syringomyelia and inguinal hernia can be treated surgically, with syringomyelia requiring only high ligation and inguinal hernia requiring not only treatment of the hernia sac but also repair of the posterior wall of the hernia. Syringomyelia is a relatively common disorder in urology and inguinal hernia is a relatively common disorder in general surgery, but both syringomyelia and inguinal hernia need to be seen and examined in time for treatment.