On the fourth day of her birth, Little Joy was found to have jaundice. Although she knew that jaundice was a common disease and would get better after a short time, Wang, who had just become a mother, was upset when she held her soft little baby in her arms, especially after waiting for many days and seeing that her little face was still yellow, she was even more worried and scared. A. Why do babies have a yellowish complexion? Most newborns shortly after birth may have varying degrees of jaundice, which is physiological and related to the characteristics of bilirubin metabolism in newborns. When a newborn is just born, more bilirubin is produced, but the body’s liver enzyme system is not yet well developed, so the bilirubin produced cannot be converted in time, causing jaundice to occur as a result of increased bilirubin in the newborn’s blood. Since this is only a temporary phenomenon, it is called physiological jaundice. Treatment of physiological jaundice: Physiological jaundice mostly appears 2-3 days after birth, and is most severe at 4-5 days, and generally subsides in 7-14 days in full-term infants and 3-4 weeks in preterm infants. Parents do not need to worry, no special treatment, drink more milk, more excretion can be. Second, what is abnormal jaundice a pathological jaundice infants appear within 24h after birth yellow face, the duration of more than 2 weeks, premature infants in more than 3 weeks or jaundice after birth disappeared and progressive aggravation is considered pathological jaundice. Pathological jaundice is caused by a disease that causes abnormalities in the metabolism of bilirubin, which occurs at a specific time in the newborn, making physiological jaundice significantly worse and confusing it with physiological jaundice, causing difficulties in the diagnosis of jaundice. Third, the difference between physiologic jaundice and pathologic jaundice 1, physiologic jaundice characteristics: ① jaundice usually begins to appear 2-3 days after birth. ②The jaundice gradually deepens and reaches a peak on the 4th-6th day, and then gradually decreases. ③ full-term birth of newborns, jaundice generally subsides in the first 2 weeks after birth, and in premature babies generally subsides in the first 3 weeks after birth. ④The degree of jaundice is usually not deep, the skin color is light yellow, jaundice is often limited to the face and upper body, the general condition of the child is good when jaundice, the body temperature is normal, the appetite is normal, the color of urine and stool is normal, and the growth and development are normal. If the child’s jaundice is in this condition, parents should not worry. 2, pathological jaundice has some characteristics: ① jaundice appears too early, within 24 hours after birth. ② Jaundice recedes too late, lasts too long, exceeds the normal remission time, or jaundice has receded and reappears, or jaundice gradually recedes after the peak time and progressively increases. ③The degree of jaundice is too severe, often spreading to the whole body, and the skin mucosa is obviously yellow. ④Bilirubin exceeds 12mg/dl when serum bilirubin is checked, or rises too rapidly, more than 5mg/dl per day. ⑤It is accompanied by other abnormalities in addition to jaundice. Fourth, pathological jaundice treatment Remove the cause 1, drug therapy: the use of enzyme inducers and glucocorticoid drugs. 2, blue light irradiation: generally used when total serum bilirubin reaches 12-15mg/dl or more, infants should be completely naked, with black paper to protect the eyes and cover the testicles, and should be continuously irradiated except when breastfeeding and nursing operations are suspended. “Blood exchange for hemolytic jaundice appearing within 24 hours after birth”, there are further imaging examinations to exclude obstructive jaundice, and if obstructive jaundice is caused by developmental malformations it requires surgical treatment. Another pathological jaundice is a genetic metabolic disease, which can be classified in the symptomatic treatment of internal medicine. V. Disease prevention Pathological jaundice, regardless of the cause, can cause “nuclear jaundice” in severe cases, which can cause neurological damage, and can cause death in severe cases. Therefore, neonatal pathological jaundice should focus on prevention, such as prevention of toxoplasma and rubella virus infection during pregnancy, especially in early pregnancy to prevent viral infection; after birth to prevent the occurrence of sepsis; newborns are born with hepatitis B vaccination. Parents should closely observe changes in their child’s jaundice, and if signs of pathological jaundice are found, they should be sent to the hospital promptly for treatment.