What do cirrhotic patients eat outside the hospital?

It has been found that about 80% of patients with cirrhosis are malnourished, and malnourished patients have a fairly high morbidity and mortality rate. Early nutritional intervention can prolong the life span, improve the quality of life, and reduce complications. Therefore, what cirrhotic patients eat becomes more important. The metabolic characteristics of cirrhotic patients are mainly abnormal protein and energy metabolism. Accordingly, the following dietary guidelines are proposed for cirrhotic patients according to their condition. The general principle is balanced nutrition, taking into account the patient’s taste, small meals, 4-6 meals per day, including meals before bedtime. 1.Cirrhosis patients with mild liver function damage and no complications. A diet high in protein, vitamins and carbohydrates as well as moderate fat should be supplied. a, high protein food has enough protein, can protect liver cells, and put the damaged liver cells to restore and regenerate. Daily protein supply 100-120g is appropriate, choose high quality protein, such as soybean products, beef, fish, chicken, shrimp, milk, eggs, etc., and pay attention to a variety of proteins mixed. b, high vitamin food, in order to protect the enzyme system in the liver, increase the resistance of liver cells, promote liver cell regeneration. Fermented foods are rich in B vitamins, such as buns, bread, steamed bread and so on. Vegetables and fruits are the main source of vitamin C, especially high in green leafy vegetables, such as cabbage and spinach, kiwi and fresh dates. c, high carbohydrate, in order to make the liver have enough hepatic glycogen, to prevent the damage of pathogenic factors on the liver cells, the daily supply of 350 to 500 g. All kinds of staple food sugar are more, can choose glucose, honey and other easy to digest monosaccharides or disaccharides, but it is advisable to use less. d. Moderate amount of fat, i.e. supply 40~50g per day, because liver function of cirrhosis patients is reduced, bile synthesis is reduced, fat digestion is easily affected, so moderate amount of fat should be given. Vegetable oil, soybean oil, peanut oil or corn oil are the main fats, which contain unsaturated fatty acids and are easily utilized by the body. 2.Patients with complications of liver cirrhosis. a. Dietary care of combined ascites:For those with ascites, high protein and multivitamin and low salt or low salt diet should be given, and the daily salt intake should be less than 2g (equivalent to 1 toothpaste cap), and at the same time, liquid intake should be limited according to the amount of urine, and drinking water should be less than 1,000ml per day. After the ascites subsides, it is still necessary to use less salt, monosodium glutamate (MSG), soy sauce, salted vegetables and other condiments containing more sodium, in order to increase the taste of sweet and sour sauce, ketchup and other flavoring. Patients taking diuretics can eat more potassium-containing foods and fruits, such as oranges and bananas. b, previous combined gastrointestinal bleeding now no bleeding dietary care:Dietary principles are a small number of meals, should be given a light, fresh, easy to digest fluid or semi-fluid diet, generally try not to eat gas-producing foods, such as milk, soy products and some sweets. Cooking meals should be steamed, boiled, stewed and other methods, patients can eat rotten noodles, rotten rice, vegetable puree and other soft and easy to digest food and eat slowly, chew and swallow slowly. If there is gastrointestinal bleeding, patients should seek medical advice immediately. c. Dietary care for combined hepatic coma: patients with hepatic coma need to be hospitalized, and protein should be forbidden. After the patient is awake, a small amount of protein diet can be given gradually, 10g per day, depending on the condition of the patient gradually increased, generally increased to about 30g, which must be evenly distributed in each meal, so that it can play the role of protein. And protein selection of plant protein is appropriate, such as soybean and other soybean products, at the same time, we should closely observe the condition, such as the emergence of psychiatric symptoms, should immediately reduce or stop the supply of protein. 3, cirrhosis combined with other diseases dietary care: such as suffering from diabetes, hyperthyroidism, tuberculosis, liver fluke, etc., must eat under the guidance of specialists, so as not to aggravate the condition. 4, cirrhosis patients dietary taboos: absolutely forbidden to drink alcohol, eat less stimulating food such as chili, pepper, mustard, raw onion, garlic and other stimulating food. Avoid coffee and other stimulating drinks. Prohibit the consumption of bone with spines, hard, fried, shelled and rough stimulating food. In addition, since iron may have the effect of aggravating cirrhosis, avoid supplying iron rich minerals and nutrients unless there is significant anemia after bleeding.