The spinal cord is an important part of the central nervous system and plays an important physiological function and role. The spinal cord contains both upward and downward conduction bundles of nerve fibers that are important for sensory and motor functions in the body. Sensory nerve fibers distributed throughout the body travel upward in the spinal cord to the brain, which also sends downward motor nerve fibers to govern the movements of the body and limbs. There are also many centers in the spinal cord. Low-level centers such as those for urination, defecation, and sexual function are located in the spinal cord, and many muscle and glandular centers are located in the spinal cord, through which reflexes are accomplished. Gliomas are located in the spinal cord and can invade or compress nerve fibers or centers in the spinal cord, resulting in symptoms. The most common symptom is sensory abnormality, which is characterized by a decrease in sensation, a decrease in stimulation such as pain, or a localized pain or burning sensation. Another common symptom is motor abnormality, which is often a reduction in the strength of movement of a limb or part of a limb. Glioma affecting the lower centers of the spinal cord can also produce associated sphincter dysfunction, such as difficulty urinating or defecating, or even impotence. The most effective way to diagnose glioma is by CT or MRI of the spinal cord, which shows the spinal cord more clearly, and MRI diagnosis of glioma requires surgical excision to relieve the compression of the spinal cord, as well as radiotherapy depending on the extent of glioma excision and the level and nature of the glioma pathology.