The regimen of etoposide in combination with cisplatin is mainly used in clinical practice for the chemotherapy of small cell lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer is a type of lung cancer that has a relatively low incidence but is very difficult to treat. Small cell lung cancer generally accounts for about 15%-20% of lung cancer, but small cell lung cancer is particularly prone to metastasis, and brain metastasis may occur in early stage. The regimen of etoposide combined with cisplatin is still effective for small cell lung cancer that is detected at the beginning, and it is easy to start controlling the disease. But later on, as the disease progresses, the effect may not be good anymore. Combined radiotherapy can be considered, and preventive brain radiotherapy can be used for brain lesions. Nowadays, there are also attempts to apply targeted therapy, such as the treatment of advanced small cell lung cancer with anlotinib, or the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy with chemotherapy, some of which are also effective.