Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, and this inflammation is an allergic inflammation (or allergic inflammation), not an infectious inflammation. Treatment of allergic inflammation with antibiotics is ineffective. Glucocorticoids are currently considered to be effective agents for controlling allergic inflammation. For allergic inflammation of the airways, we try to use inhaled hormones to control the chronic allergic airway inflammation of asthma. Although infection is an important trigger for the development of asthma (especially in children), the common infectious agents are viruses or mycoplasmas, not bacteria. The use of antibiotics is not necessary for either viral or mycoplasma infections. Of course if it is clear that it is a mycoplasma infection, then macrolide antibiotics such as azithromycin or erythromycin should be taken reasonably under the guidance of a doctor. Otherwise, there is no need to take antibiotics. Many studies have confirmed that the application of antibiotics during the neonatal period and infancy can lead to changes in intestinal flora and increase the risk of developing asthma. According to the June 2007 issue of the journal Chest, study results showed that infants and children less than 1 year of age were significantly more likely to develop asthma when antibiotics were applied for non-whistle infections. Patients at highest risk were those who had used multiple courses of antibiotics, and children who had used broad-spectrum antibiotics. The study included 14,000 children born between 1995 and 2003 and followed up until age 7. The study found that children who had one to two courses of antibiotics had a 21 percent increased risk of asthma; those who had three to four courses of antibiotics had a 30 percent increased risk of asthma; and those who had more than four courses had a 46 percent increased risk of asthma. Furthermore, children who used antibiotics to treat non-whistle infections (e.g., urinary tract infections) were 86% more likely to develop asthma compared with children treated for whistle infections. We have now found evidence that antibiotic use within 1 year of age is strongly associated with the development of asthma. Broad-spectrum antibiotics kill a wide range of bacteria, both beneficial and harmful, and beneficial bacteria play an important role in the development of the immune system of infants within 1 year of age, which may lead to asthma if broad-spectrum antibiotics are used at this time, thereby killing too many beneficial bacteria. In addition, a growing number of epidemiological investigations have confirmed that having certain infectious diseases in early childhood may reduce the risk of developing allergic diseases and asthma later in life. For example, in a survey of Japanese elementary school students, children who had received Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccination or had tuberculosis and showed a strong positive skin test for tuberculin had a reduced incidence of allergic diseases and asthma. In the early 20th century, the “hygiene theory” of asthma development was proposed, namely, that the newborn or infant lived in a clean environment and had access to allergens (e.g., dust mites, mites, etc.). In contrast, the chance of developing allergic diseases and asthma is significantly reduced, and even if asthma occurs, the symptoms are milder. Asthma is closely related to the dysfunction of Th1/Th2 cells, which are important immune cells in the body, and the helper T cells (Th) are divided into Th1 and Th2 cells. Th2 cells produce a large number of cytokines related to allergic diseases, accelerating the onset and development of allergic diseases. In patients with asthma, Th2 cell function is often predominant. The occurrence and development of Th1 and Th2 cells in the human body are different during fetal, infantile and young adulthood periods. During the fetal period, Th2 cell activity predominates. Later, as the immune system of the newborn develops and is exposed to external pathogenic microorganisms, it activates Th1 cells and suppresses Th2 cell activity, bringing Th1/Th2 into balance. If the infant lives in an overly clean environment in early life, lacking stimuli such as endotoxins and pathogenic bacteria, so that the situation of Th2 cell dominance cannot be changed, he or she is prone to allergic diseases such as asthma. In addition, the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract can produce organic acids such as acetic acid and lactic acid in the intestine, causing an acidic environment in the intestine, which on the one hand is good for its own growth and reproduction and control the growth of harmful bacteria, and on the other hand, these organic acids can be directly used as energy for the mucous membrane cells of the intestinal epidermis, making the metabolism of the cells smoother and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucous membrane. This is not only beneficial to maintain intestinal health, but also can reduce the absorption of antigens from food into the blood by the intestinal mucosa. More importantly, the growth and reproduction of normal flora is an important factor in regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 cell function, and if the heavy use of antibiotics in infants and children kills these normal bacteria or inhibits their growth, it will potentially increase the chances of wheezing occurring in children. Therefore, either excessive use or abuse of antibiotics is detrimental to the immune system of children. In summary, we can draw the following conclusions: 1, infants need to be cautious in the application of antibiotics, to strictly grasp the indications, viral infections and other diseases caused by non-bacterial infections, antibiotics are contraindicated. 2, choose the sensitive type of antibiotics, adhere to the course of treatment, the full amount of application. 3, in the long-term use of antibiotics, should prevent the normal intestinal flora imbalance.