Macrocephaly is a common name for diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is a simple diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by insufficient production of thyroxine or insufficient intake of iodine. The prodromal symptoms may be accompanied by mild enlargement of the thyroid gland, and the patient may develop protruding eyes. At this time, the patient’s eyes protrude outward, it is difficult to close the eyes, and may be localized to touch the thyroid gland enlargement. Therefore, it is recommended that the patient must go to the hospital in time for relevant examinations, such as the examination of the thyroid function quintile, which can clarify the diagnosis. If the diagnosis is clear, it is necessary to carry out active symptomatic treatment, to avoid the phenomenon of diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland, caused by the patient to appear in the later stage of some complications.