Clinical GERD and esophageal mucosal damage caused by excessive exposure (or exposure) of the gastroesophageal lumen to gastric juices is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The occurrence of GERD and its complications is multifactorial. These include defects in the anti-reflux mechanism of the esophagus itself, such as dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and abnormal esophageal body movements, as well as dysfunction of many mechanical factors outside the esophagus. Gastroesophageal reflux disease refers to the reflux of gastric contents, including bile salts and pancreatic enzymes from the duodenum into the stomach, into the esophagus, divided into physiological and pathological. Pathological reflux is reflux that occurs due to dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter and/or abnormalities in the tissue structure related to its function to the extent that les pressure is low, causing a series of clinical symptoms and complications.