Non-surgical treatment: rest in the horizontal position, lumbar traction, intervertebral foramen injection therapy, sacral injection therapy, ozone therapy, intradiscal injection therapy, etc. Minimally invasive surgical treatment: spinal endoscopic nucleus pulposus removal, minimally invasive treatment (unique to our hospital), percutaneous nucleus pulposus excision and suction, percutaneous laser disc vaporization, percutaneous nucleoplasty, percutaneous intradiscal electrothermal therapy, etc. Traditional surgery: open window nucleus pulposus excision, total plate decompression nucleus pulposus removal and internal fixation.