Source
This product is the underground bulb of garlic in the genus Allium of the lily family, harvested in summer and autumn and used raw.
Taste and Attribution】
Warm in nature, pungent and flat in taste; enters the spleen, stomach and lung meridians.
Functions and Indications
Dispersing cold and stagnation, promoting stagnation of Qi, promoting blood circulation, eliminating accumulation of Y, warming the spleen and stomach, detoxifying and killing insects. It is used for treating dietary stagnation, cold pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, edema and fullness, diarrhea, dysentery, malaria, whooping cough, colds, carbuncle and gangrene, white baldness and ringworm, and snake and insect bites. The Compendium of Materia Medica states that it can “pass through the five viscera, reach all orifices, remove cold and dampness, ward off evil, eliminate carbuncles and swellings, dissolve Y accumulation, and eliminate meat and food”. Modern pharmacological research shows that garlic has various biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, blood pressure lowering, blood fat lowering, platelet agglutination inhibition, cancer prevention and anti-virus.
Modern clinical applications]
1.Tumor: Epidemiological research from Cang Shan County, Shandong Province shows that the prevalence and mortality rate of various tumors in Cang Shan County is the lowest in the province, and the mortality rate of common esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, etc. is less than half of the provincial average. Research shows that allicin has a significant inhibitory effect on liver cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, leukemia and many other tumors.
2. Pathogenic microbial infections: Allicin has a wide antibacterial spectrum and has a significant inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Aspergillus, Clostridium, etc. The antibacterial activity of allicin mainly lies in its ability to interact with enzymes containing sulfhydryl groups, which are essential for microorganisms, and allicin can irreversibly inhibit the activity of sulfhydryl proteases.
3.Coronary heart disease: Allicin tablets and allicin injection for the treatment of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury can significantly improve the symptoms and ischemic ECG changes in patients with coronary angina pectoris. The results showed that allicin was more effective than nitroglycerin in the treatment of unstable angina with cold symptoms and more effective than nitroglycerin in the treatment of unstable angina with cold symptoms, and significantly improved the blood rheological indexes in patients with cold symptoms. Other studies have shown that the mechanism of allicin in the treatment of angina pectoris in coronary artery disease may work through multiple mechanisms: (1) inhibiting lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase in platelets, blocking thromboxane synthesis, and inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis; (2) increasing the activity of the fibrinolytic system; (3) dilating coronary arteries and relieving coronary spasm by decreasing endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in blood; (4) eliminating risk factors for coronary artery disease and reducing heart rate. (4) by eliminating the risk factors of coronary heart disease and lowering heart rate, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption and relieving the contradiction of oxygen supply and demand.
4. Atherosclerosis: In the study of the effect of allicin on the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with essential hypertension combined with coronary heart Bing, 79 patients were randomly divided into allicin plus fosinopril group and fosinopril group, and ultrasound was done every 6 months to check the changes of atherosclerotic plaque and detect intercellular adhesion score-1 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and a total of 52 weeks were observed. The results showed that the number and score of composite plaques, intravascular and mid-thickness, serum intercellular adhesion score-1 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly lower in the treatment group compared with the control group. It indicates that allicin can stabilize carotid atherosclerotic plaque to some extent and has a definite vascular protective effect on patients with primary hypertension combined with coronary artery disease.
5, viral myocarditis: the clinical efficacy and cellular immunity of allicin injection on acute viral myocarditis, 60 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, the treatment group was treated with allicin injection and the control group was treated with virazole for 14 d. The results showed that the treatment group could improve the clinical symptoms, improve the electrocardiogram iso-ST-T, reduce the myocardial enzymatic index and improve the functional status of the left ventricle better than the control group. The number of CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD56 cells in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group. It showed that allicin could improve cellular immunity to reduce myocardial injury and improve the clinical condition and cardiac function status of patients.
6. Arrhythmia: Allicin treated 132 cases of premature beats of different etiologies and types. After discontinuing antiarrhythmic drugs in all cases, allicin injection 60mg plus 500ml of saline was added to the conventional treatment and slowly injected intravenously once a day for 5 days. The total effective rate was 88%, among which supraventricular premature beats were more effective. Among the different etiologies, viral myocarditis and coronary artery disease were more effective, and the total heart rate decreased insignificantly in 24h after treatment, and the P-R interval and Q-T interval were prolonged significantly. It indicates that allicin may exert its anti-arrhythmic effect by prolonging the effective induction period of cardiomyocytes.
7. Hypertension: Not many studies have been reported on the effect of allicin on hypertension. In a study of a normal population, it was found that garlic consumption in daily life was related to individual blood pressure levels, with lower blood pressure levels in the group with higher garlic consumption. Other studies have made mixtures of mushroom purine and allicin at pH 5, and preparations made from them lowered blood pressure at smaller doses, with allicin possibly acting as a carrier for mushroom purine in this process without exerting a hypotensive effect itself. These studies all suggest that allicin has a synergistic blood pressure-lowering effect.
8. Cerebral infarction: Epidemiological studies have shown that in areas where each person eats an average of 20 grams of raw garlic per day, the incidence of death from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in the population is significantly lower than in areas where there is no habit of eating raw garlic. Some clinical studies have shown that allicin injection can improve the clinical symptoms of cerebral infarction, resulting in a significant reduction in leukocyte filtration index and improvement in whole blood rheological indices. Studies on resistance to thrombosis have found that the essential oil in garlic has the effect of inhibiting platelet coagulation, achieving the effect of preventing thrombosis.
9. Lowering blood lipids: The results of clinical studies on lowering blood lipids showed that subjects consumed 50 grams of raw garlic daily, and the content of total serum cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL cholesterol were significantly lower than the content before the test after 6 days of consumption.
[Modern basic research].
Garlic contains many chemical components, whose main components include sugars, amino acids, lipids, peptides, sulfur-containing compounds and various vitamins and trace elements. Garlic contains high concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and zinc; medium concentrations of selenium, vitamin C and vitamin A; and low concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese and B-complex vitamins. Garlic contains almost all essential amino acids in the human body, including high levels of cystine, histidine and lysine.
The main biologically active substances in garlic that exert the effect of activating blood circulation and resolving blood stasis are sulfur-containing compounds, mainly: S-propenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (allicin), Diallyl Trisulfide (DATS), Diallyl Disulfide (DADS), ajonene, S-alkenes, and S-alkenes. The scholars from various countries have conducted many experimental studies on the material basis of their pharmacological effects, and their results in preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have been widely confirmed.
1. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases: Garlic can prevent fat deposition in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, induce fat metabolism within tissues, significantly increase fibrinolytic activity, lower cholesterol, inhibit platelet aggregation, reduce plasma concentration, increase micro-artery dilatation, induce vasodilation, regulate blood pressure, increase vascular permeability, improve blood rheology, thus inhibit thrombus formation and prevent atherosclerosis. In addition, garlic has anti-arrhythmia, free radical scavenging, vasodilatation and calcium antagonism effects.
2, anti-tumor: elements such as germanium and selenium in garlic can inhibit the growth of tumor cells and cancer cells. Allicin can improve cellular immunity, humoral immunity and non-specific immune function, which can help improve the immunity of tumor patients and play an anti-tumor role.
3.Low blood sugar: Garlic can promote the secretion of insulin, increase the absorption of glucose by tissue cells, improve the body’s glucose tolerance, rapidly lower the blood sugar level in the body, and kill various germs that induce diabetes due to infection, thus effectively preventing and treating diabetes.
4. Liver protection: Allicin can inhibit the damage of lipid peroxidation to liver membrane structure, inhibit GSH depletion and GST decrease in mouse liver tissue, increase the activity of glutathione transferase in liver cells, and increase the binding detoxification function of the liver, thus playing a protective role for the liver and the whole body. By increasing the level of hepatic cyclic adenosine, allicin can regulate lipid metabolism, membrane transport and cell proliferation, and increase the activity of enzymes to increase lipid hydrolysis and decrease biosynthesis, increase the excretion of lipid components, maintain the lipid egg self and triglyceride in serum, liver and kidney within the normal range, and thus prevent and treat fatty liver.
In summary, the pharmacological effects related to the efficacy of garlic in dispersing cold and clearing menstruation, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis are vasodilatation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, improvement of blood rheology, inhibition of thrombosis, lowering of blood lipids, scavenging of free radicals, calcium antagonism, immune modulation and antitumor effects.
? Use raw in appropriate amount. Allicin injection 60mg into 500ml of saline, slow intravenous infusion. Allicin enteric capsules or tablets, 60-120mg daily, divided into three oral doses.
【Note for use】.
Since allicin has stimulating effect on blood vessels, it should be dripped slowly when intravenous injection, usually 500ml of liquid is finished in 4h. When taking allicin orally, since allicin is irritating to the stomach and easily destroyed by gastric juice, it should not be bitten and swallowed whole when taking this product.
Adverse Reactions
Clinically, the main adverse reaction caused by allicin injection is phlebitis. The main clinical manifestations of phlebitis: painful skin around the venous puncture point, manifested as dark skin around it, swollen skin, depression with pressure, and a feeling of swelling and pain, and the pain spreads upward from the puncture point along the venous route, or a sclerotic node along the vascular route. Adverse reactions may be related to the extraction process of botanicals, which contain some irritating components that are difficult to remove and irritate the veins causing phlebitis.
In order to prevent phlebitis, it should be dripped slowly in strict accordance with the instructions, and the infusion syringe should be flushed full with glucose or sodium chloride infusion before dispensing allicin injection with glucose or sodium chloride infusion. For elderly patients with poor vascular elasticity, it is better to carry out local pretreatment, such as hot wet compresses, before the clinical use of allicin, which can greatly reduce the incidence of phlebitis.
Main references
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2. Mei Siwei, Zhu Hanzhen. Progress in the study of allicin. Chinese Agronomy Bulletin. 2009, 25(9): 97-101.
3. Li G, Gu W-L, Shi Za-Xiang. Clinical and experimental progress of allicin in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information. 2008, 15 (12 ): 104-107.
4. Jia HZ, Shi ZAIXiang, Li G, et al. Effect of allicin on unstable angina pectoris and its blood flow in different TCM types. Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2001, 24(3):52-54.
5. Gu B, You J, Jin JB, Luo G. Research progress on the lipid-regulating effect of garlic. Chinese herbal medicine. 2010, 33(8): 1355 – 1358.
6. Lv F-Y, Huang X-M, Zhao W-M et al. Clinical observation on the treatment of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease with selenium garlic enteric tablets. Clinical Medicine. 1999, 19(10): 24-25.
7. Martinet MC, Corzo N, Villamiel M. Giological properties of onions and garlic. Trends Food Sci Techno1,2007, 18(5) :609-625.
8. Slowing K, Canado P, Sanz M, etal. Study of garlic extracts and fractions on cholesterol plasma levels and vascular reactivity in cholesterol fed rats. Nutr, 2001, 131: 994-999.
9. Ha M W, Dong M, Wang L et al. Study of the synergistic anticancer drug effect of allicin on tumor cell killing. Chinese Cancer Clinics, 2004, 31(1): 193-196.
10. Xie Liya, Zhuo Su Lian. Phlebitis caused by allicin injection and its management. Strait Pharmacology. 2005,17(1):110-111.