1.What accidental injuries in life can lead to herniated disc? How can middle-aged, elderly and young people prevent it? Lumbar discs, as tissues in the human body, degenerate like other tissues as a person ages. Studies have shown that the lumbar discs begin to show signs of degeneration after a person reaches the age of 20. This degeneration exists for a long time as the internal cause of the disease, and if there is any accidental injury to the lumbar region, it will accelerate the process to varying degrees, which in turn will cause the lumbar disc to herniate, leading to the disease. Similarly, as an inevitable factor, lumbar disc herniation in the elderly is bound to exist to a greater or lesser extent, but whether the symptoms will be triggered solely by it, and whether it will be caused by degeneration of the small joints of the lumbar spine, etc., is something that the doctors often have to analyze when dealing with elderly patients. In life, there are many accidental injuries, such as sudden turning, bending, lifting heavy objects by carelessness, or direct blows or car accidents, all of which may cause lumbar disc herniation. As a result, active prevention is advocated for both middle-aged and young people. Firstly, trauma should be avoided as much as possible. Secondly, one should be physically active to slow down the degeneration of the lumbar disc. For patients who have occurred, and reduce or even cure, the functional exercise of the lumbar back muscles can enhance muscle strength, increase the stability of the spine , to achieve the purpose of prevention and treatment of disease. There are many ways to exercise the lumbar back muscles, and the medical treatment mostly adopts methods such as swallow-flying style. 2, lumbar disc herniation and leg pain is directly related to what are the common symptoms of lumbar disc herniation? Lumbar disc herniation, referred to as “lumbar herniation”, is a common clinical back and leg pain. As the name suggests, lumbar disc herniation is a condition in which a herniated disc causes back and leg pain. Medically, the intervertebral disc is composed of the central nucleus pulposus and the surrounding annulus fibrosus, which is sandwiched in the middle of a person’s vertebrae, just like a sandwich. The disease occurs when the nucleus pulposus, the heart of the sandwich, is pushed out, and the pushed out nucleus pulposus compresses and irritates the nerves that innervate the legs, causing leg pain. The main symptom of lumbar disc herniation is lumbar pain with radiating pain in the lower limbs, which is sometimes aggravated by coughing, sneezing and defecation. The lumbar region may have different degrees of lateral curvature, and the physiological anterior convexity is reduced, flattened or even disappeared. There may be abnormal skin sensation in the lower legs and feet. Combined with clinical and radiologic examination, the diagnosis can usually be made. In addition, please note that there are many diseases that can cause leg pain. If you do not have a history of lumbar synostosis and you have sudden leg pain, it may not necessarily be this disease, and it is best to go to the orthopedic department of the hospital to make sure. 3, inadvertent trauma, such as twisting the waist, may directly or indirectly cause lumbar disc herniation, how to pay attention to prevent similar flashbacks occur? Violence when twisting the waist will be as an external cause of injury to the structure of the lumbar disc, but lead to the protrusion of the disc to cause symptoms have a certain course of disease. Sometimes, under special circumstances, the traumatic violence is sufficiently large to cause an immediate acute herniation of the disc. In general, when an acute lumbar sprain occurs, the first thing you must do is to rest in a hard bed and minimize lumbar activity for a short period of time. At home, you can also apply hot compresses to the injured area. Serious cases can go to the hospital. For a long time delayed or even the emergence of lower extremity symptoms, we must promptly go to the hospital for examination, to prevent the delayed condition. Acute lumbar sprain, commonly known as “twisted waist”, “flash waist”, usually due to excessive loading of the waist, uncoordinated exertion, excessive forward bending, backward stretching and direct blow caused. Therefore, in daily life, reduce the bending (forward bending) weight-bearing opportunities, try to bend the legs to squat and lift heavy objects, and reduce other trauma to the lumbar region, can greatly reduce the chance of lumbar sprain. 4.What kinds of conservative treatments are available and the knowledge of related treatment mechanism? From a professional point of view, Chinese and Western medicine experts agree that no matter any type of lumbar disc herniation, it should be routinely observed for a period of time by formal conservative treatment first, and if it is ineffective, then the latter two options should be considered. In fact, most of the patients’ symptoms can be reduced or subsided after conservative treatment. There are many kinds of conservative treatments, such as massage, traction, physical therapy, acupuncture, drugs (including internal, external, intravenous drugs), etc., which need to be selected and applied under the guidance of professional doctors. In addition, patients are reminded that bed rest and functional exercises are also very important conservative treatments in the clinic, which can be adopted at home once it happens. Minimally invasive treatment is also a kind of surgical methods, at present, the major hospital doctors often mentioned surgical treatment generally refers to the traditional open surgery. Traction is one of the common conservative treatments for herniated disc. The main mechanism is to use traction to increase the tension of the lumbar intervertebral space and the posterior longitudinal ligament, so as to reduce the pressure of the disc, restore the physiological balance of the lumbar spine, and play a role in loosening the adhesion, promoting the absorption of the nerve root oedema, and alleviating the compression of the adjacent nerve tissues of the therapeutic purpose. Traction is optional, but under the guidance of a professional doctor, if there is discomfort, you can stop and use other methods. (Certain patients may experience discomfort or even aggravation after traction.) 5. What is the mechanism of minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation? Minimally invasive methods are surgical treatments that have emerged in recent years, and can actually be understood as an effective surgery between non-surgical treatment and surgical incision treatment, which is a minimally invasive interventional technique for lumbar intervertebral discs. At present, it mainly includes two main categories: one is percutaneous puncture technology, including nucleus pulposus lysis, percutaneous interspinous disc extraction, percutaneous interspinous disc laser resection, etc., and the other is endoscopic-assisted technology, including interspinous discoscopic surgery. They share the same principle with traditional classic incision surgery, mostly aiming at removing the protruding nucleus pulposus tissue, lowering the intervertebral pressure and relieving the compression on the nerve root, thus reducing or relieving pain. The former is accomplished with the development of minimally invasive technology and basically without destroying normal anatomical structures, but it has its own drawbacks and indications. It should be complementary to the traditional classic techniques and be chosen according to the specific condition.