Esophageal anastomotic fistula refers to the leakage of digestive tract contents out of the lumen due to the defect of the tissue wall at the anastomosis, which is a serious complication after esophageal cancer surgery. The occurrence of esophageal anastomotic fistula has many factors, the most important of which are closely related to the anastomosis technique and surgical operation, as well as the local infection of the anastomosis and excessive tension after anastomosis, frequent and violent coughing after surgery, swallowing excessive food and drink, resulting in the pulling of the stomach by gravity and other reasons. The treatment of esophageal anastomotic fistula includes adequate drainage of the fistula, chest tube to drain pleural fluid, nasal feeding and other means to reduce the infection, and then re-anastomosis or repair to strengthen the treatment, but also can be placed in the bandage stent to cover the fistula for treatment. If the above problems occur, it is recommended to go to the hospital in a timely manner, improve the examination to clarify the cause of the disease, give targeted treatment or treatment, under the guidance of the doctor for treatment.