The typical symptom of an inguinal hernia in children is a protruding mass at the base of the thigh, which can be large or small, protrudes when the body is in a standing position and can be pressed back by lying down or by pressing with the hand. The cause is the outward protrusion of the peritoneum at the internal inguinal ring during early embryonic development, forming a peritoneal sheath. Normally, the sphincter wraps around most of the testis and descends with it under the traction of the testis, eventually reaching the base of the scrotum. After birth, the sphincter gradually atrophies and becomes occluded. If this process is impaired, the sphincter will remain open, and once an abdominal organ enters, an inguinal hernia is formed. The disease can develop at any age, especially in infancy and early childhood. In boys, the right testicle descends later, so the right side is more often than the left, and rarely it is bilateral. The inguinal hernia can also occur in girls with unclosed sphincter, but significantly less than in boys, with a male to female incidence of about 15:1. The contents of the hernia are most commonly the small intestine and ileocecal region, many of which are the greater omentum in older children, while in girls the genital appendages are herniated most often. If parents suspect that their child has an inguinal hernia, they should go to a large hospital as soon as possible to see a specialist for physical examination and identification to rule out other diseases, such as spermatic sphincter effusion, testicular sphincter effusion and cryptorchidism. In addition, about 30% of children presenting with unilateral hernia are confirmed intraoperatively to have bilateral inguinal hernia, just one large and one small. Therefore, ultrasound is also required if necessary. There is no need for parents to panic when their child has an inguinal hernia. Early surgery for inguinal hernia is very effective. Inguinal hernias have the potential to heal on their own up to one year of age. Generally, the possibility of spontaneous healing disappears after one year of age, and parents should opt for surgical treatment. Although inguinal hernias in children are less likely to become ingrown than in adults, surgical treatment is still recommended before the child is six years old. Since the beginning of the last century, high ligation of the hernia sac via the inguinal region has been recognized as the basic treatment for pediatric inguinal hernias. The procedure is divided into two approaches: open and laparoscopic. The so-called high ligation of the hernia sac actually involves ligating the hernia sac (i.e., the peritoneum) with a silk thread at the mouth of the hernia ring, and the higher the ligation, the closer to the hernia ring, the better the result. The laparoscopic approach involves making two small 0.5 cm incisions in the abdominal wall and using a laparoscope to operate on the child. The laparoscopic approach has many advantages over the traditional approach for the treatment of hernia in children. First, the laparoscopic procedure has a high ligature position, which is clinically effective and less prone to recurrence. Second, the laparoscopic view reveals the anatomical structures of the spermatic cord, blood vessels and other tissues in the inguinal region more clearly and can be easily identified, therefore, the occurrence of secondary injuries such as intraoperative damage to the spermatic cord and blood vessels is greatly reduced. Third, bilateral inguinal hernias can be explored and treated in a single operation. For children with bilateral hernia whose first symptom is unilateral hernia, if the traditional operation is used, two successive operations and general anesthesia are required after the appearance of inguinal hernia on the opposite side; while using laparoscopic surgery, the bilateral problem can be solved in one operation. Fourth, it is less traumatic, with faster recovery and fewer postoperative complications. In children with laparoscopic surgery, there is basically no obvious pain after surgery, and they can eat and drink 4 hours after surgery. The incidence of postoperative wound infection and scrotal swelling is low.