Eight Warning Signs The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed the following “Eight Warning Signs” as a reference for people to consider the early signs of cancer. . Palpable hard nodes or hard lesions, such as those found on the breast, skin and tongue. . There are obvious changes due to warts (superfluous tumors) or moles. Wen Bingji, Department of Medical Oncology, 113th Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. Persistent digestive abnormalities . Persistent hoarseness, dry cough and difficulty in swallowing. . Irregular menstrual periods, heavy bleeding, extra-menstrual bleeding. . Unexplained bleeding from the nose, ears, bladder or intestines . . Wounds that do not heal, swelling that does not go away. . Unexplained weight loss. The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, based on the situation in China, has proposed the following ten symptoms as warning signs to draw people’s attention to cancer swelling: . Lumps in any part of the body, such as breast, neck or abdomen, especially if they are gradually increasing in size. . Ulcers on any part of the body, such as tongue, cheek mucosa, skin, etc. without trauma, especially those that do not heal for a long time. . Irregular vaginal bleeding or discharge (commonly known as leucorrhea) in women of middle age or older. . Dullness, burning pain, foreign body sensation or progressive worsening of dysphagia behind the sternum when eating. . Dry cough or blood in the conversation that is not cured for a long time. . Chronic dyspepsia, progressive loss of appetite, wasting, and no clear cause. . Change in bowel habits or blood in the stool. . Nasal congestion, epistaxis, unilateral headache or diplopia. . Sudden increase in size of the nevus or breakage, bleeding, loss of existing hair . . Painless hematuria. In addition to the eight warning signs and ten symptoms mentioned above, there are also the following signs and symptoms that should be highly alerted. . Unilateral persistently worsening headache, vomiting and visual disturbance, especially diplopia of unknown cause. . Tinnitus, hearing loss, retractable sputum with blood, and neck mass. . Unexplained oral bleeding, oropharyngeal discomfort, foreign body sensation, or cavity pain. . Painless and persistent worsening jaundice. . Nipple discharge, especially bloody fluid. . Grown male breast enlargement. . Unexplained fatigue, anemia and fever. . Unexplained generalized pain, bone and joint pain. In addition, precancerous lesions should be considered as early signs. For example, mucocutaneous leukoplakia, chronic skin ulcers, fistulas, proliferative scars (especially those caused by chemical burns), atrophic gastritis and intestinal epithelial hyperplasia, multiple polyps of the rectum, skin keratosis (especially keratosis of the palm of the hand at the size of the fissure, cystic lobular hyperplasia of the breast, cervical erosion, cervical polyps, etc. (see chapter “Precancerous lesions “) chapter) can develop into cancer.