Compared to other animals of similar size, human fetuses are born with absolutely “exceptional” brain size, so newborns are “big-headed babies”. From the point of view of the number of brain cells, the large head is an evolutionary advantage for humans, but from the point of view of childbirth, it makes humans almost the most difficult animal in nature to give birth. The large head is a great challenge for natural childbirth, and in order to minimize this contradiction, the bones of the baby’s head are free and movable from each other at birth. The newborn’s fixed sleeping position will affect the shape of the head] The newborn baby’s whole body is soft, even the head is soft. In order to be able to deliver smoothly, the bones between the newborn’s head are not completely healed, but are free from each other leaving some gaps, and it will take years to completely heal after birth, especially the facial bones are formed later than the head bones. Due to the existence of gaps between the bone fragments, the shape of the human face and skull can easily be changed by external forces during infancy. If the infant’s craniofacial part is in contact with the pillow for a long time, and the pillow cannot be kept soft and elastic, it is likely to cause the infant’s craniofacial deformity. Newborn babies should sleep on their backs and sides alternately So when caring for babies, you should try to avoid keeping them in the same sleeping position for a long time, it is best to ensure that they sleep on their backs and sides alternately, so that they can leave a face with proper features for their babies in the future. The custom of giving newborns a “flat head” in some areas is to use dictionaries, thick books, hard pillows, etc. to change the shape of the baby’s skull. Although this custom is not harmful to health, but it is easy to sleep the child’s head off, which in turn affects the aesthetics. Baby’s fontanel is closed at the latest at the age of 1.5 years】 There is a “special place” on the top of a newborn’s head, soft to the touch, and sometimes you can even see it “beating”, the old man thinks this place can’t be touched casually, otherwise the baby will become dumb, and doctors call this place called “fontanelle”. The human skull is made up of six bones, and after birth, because the baby’s skull is not fully developed, there are gaps between the bones, and two areas are formed at the top of the head and the back of the occiput that are not covered by bones, called the fontanelle and the back of the fontanelle. The posterior fontanelle is close to being closed at birth or can only accommodate the fingertips, and is not easily touched. Under normal circumstances, the diameter of the fontanelle of a newborn is about 1.5-2 cm, and in the months after birth, the fontanelle will increase slightly with the gradual increase of the head circumference, reaching a maximum of 2.5-3 cm at about 6 months of age, and later, with the gradual ossification of the cranial suture, the area will begin to slowly become smaller, and will usually be completely closed by the age of 1 to 1.5 years, and no later than 1.5 years. Although fontanel is not large, it is like a small “skylight” that can reflect the health condition of the baby, and the closing of fontanel can sometimes reflect the health condition of the baby. There are several types of fontanel changes, including early closure, late closure, too large, too small, bulging and depression. Premature closure of fontanelle does not necessarily mean that the baby has a disease Premature closure of fontanelle: Some babies have poor congenital development and the phenomenon of premature closure of fontanelle, which is medically known as “congenital microcephaly”. However, not all cases of premature closure of fontanelle are diseases. Some mothers have better nutrition during pregnancy and their babies develop better after birth, so they may have a slightly earlier closure of fontanelle. Identification method: We should do a good job of routine child health care, through regular professional checkups and measurements, to see if the child’s head circumference is growing at a normal rate and if the overall development level of the child matches the age of the month. However, if abnormal changes are found in the child, such as the head circumference is significantly lower than the normal value for that month of age, and the development of the whole body is significantly behind the normal level, for example, the child still cannot lift his head at 4 months of age, then it is best to go to the hospital for examination and early intervention. Late closure of fontanelle: Some babies are more than one and a half years old, but their fontanelle is still not closed. The more common causes of late closure of fontanel are rickets, skeletal tissue dysplasia or congenital hypothyroidism. For babies over 1.5 years old whose fontanels have not yet closed, it is best to take them to the hospital for a checkup to identify the cause so that targeted treatment can be given. The most common cause is calcium deficiency, so we need to get more sunshine and take calcium and vitamin D supplements under the guidance of a doctor. Baby’s bregma may be caused by calcium deficiency. Oversized bregma: Some children have larger bregma after birth, up to 4 cm or more, and their heads are much larger than other children of the same age, so it is important to suspect whether it is congenital hydrocephalus. In babies with this disease, the fontanelle will increase rapidly after birth, and the head circumference will be larger than normal, and the head will feel bulging, with a very full feeling. When this happens, it is advisable to have an MRI of the brain to determine if hydrocephalus is a possibility. In addition, if the fontanelle is too large, accompanied by signs such as rib exostosis and less teething, it is also necessary to consider whether it is related to calcium deficiency, as babies with congenital rickets, after birth, not only the fontanelle is large, but also the posterior fontanelle is large, and a bone gap in the middle is also wider. Small fontanel: Some mothers and fathers may be nervous that their baby’s fontanel is too small, lest their child’s head will be deformed, in fact, as long as the head is constantly growing, the head circumference is always within the normal range, just a little smaller fontanel, or not too much to worry about. Bulging fontanelle: Normally, the fontanelle is slightly sunken than the other parts. If you see it suddenly bulging up, especially when the baby is crying, the bulge is more obvious, and there is a tight feeling when you touch it, and at the same time the baby has fever, vomiting or even seizures, you should be alert to whether the baby has intracranial infection that causes intracranial hypertension, such as meningitis, encephalitis and other diseases. In addition, taking high doses of cod liver oil, vitamin A or tetracycline for a long time can also cause the baby’s fontanelle to bulge. Sunken fontanelle: If the fontanelle is significantly more sunken than other parts of the body, it is most often due to severe dehydration and requires a visit to the hospital. In addition, babies who are malnourished and thin may also have a sunken fontanelle.