Nucleic acids are biological macromolecular compounds polymerized by many nucleotides, which are one of the most basic substances of life. Nucleic acids are widely found in animal and plant cells, microorganisms, and the nucleic acids in living organisms are often combined with proteins to become nucleoproteins. Different nucleic acids have different chemical compositions and nucleotide arrangements. According to the different chemical composition, nucleic acids can be divided into ribonucleic acid (abbreviated as RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated as DNA).DNA is the main material basis for storing, replicating and transmitting genetic information.RNA plays an important role in protein synthesis, among which, the transfer ribonucleic acid (abbreviated as tRNA) plays a role in carrying, transferring and activating amino acids, and messenger ribonucleic acid (abbreviated as mRNA) is the key to synthesizing proteins. mRNA) is the template for synthesizing proteins, and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (abbreviated rRNA) is the main site of protein synthesis in cells.