Stem cell is a kind of early undifferentiated cell with multi-differentiation potential and self-replicating ability, according to the characteristics of stem cells can regenerate lung parenchyma and airway cells, which can make lung injury and inflammation significantly reduced, regenerate lung tissue and improve lung function. Unlike traditional drug or surgical treatments, stem cell therapy is to replenish diseased or apoptotic cells, regulate immune-inflammatory reactions, improve structural damage of tissues and organs, realize organ tissue regeneration, and repair degenerative lesions through stem cell transplantation. Therefore, stem cell therapy will be an important development direction for COPD treatment in the future. In June 2021, a new domestic stem cell drug for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) received clinical trial approval (IND). There are also many related research projects have been started, but there is still a long distance from trial to clinical application.