When lesions occur in the optic nerve, it is necessary to clarify the etiology before considering how to treat it. In the case of optic neuritis, which may be caused by idiopathic infection or other causes, glucocorticoids are the drug of choice for the treatment of non-infectious optic neuritis. If the optic neuritis is caused by infection, it is necessary to give regular, sufficient course and sufficient amount of antibiotic treatment as early as possible. If it is ischemic optic neuropathy, while applying glucocorticoid treatment after the onset of the disease, it is advocated to use the compound camphorine injection, paracentesis of the superficial temporal artery, which is also with good efficacy. In the case of traumatic optic neuropathy, high-dose glucocorticoid shock therapy is needed as early in the trauma as possible, and surgical treatment with optic nerve canal decompression is considered if necessary. In the case of hereditary optic neuropathy, there is no particularly effective treatment.