Surgery is indicated for those who can tolerate and benefit from recurrence of thyroid nodules after ablation, which can result in localized tissue adhesions. In general, ablation is indicated for benign thyroid nodules and micropapillary thyroid cancer, but is not recommended for other types of thyroid cancer. Recurrent benign nodules can be treated with surgery if the patient is in good health and cardiopulmonary function can tolerate general anesthesia. Surgery is not feasible for recurrent malignant nodules that are difficult to benefit from surgery and those with poor cardiopulmonary function that cannot tolerate surgery; surgery is feasible for those who can tolerate or benefit from surgery. Radiofrequency ablation, which is commonly used today, uses alternating current (AC) electricity to cause molecules in the tissue to oscillate and rub against the electrodes to generate heat, allowing the tissue around the electrodes to coagulate and become necrotic. After ablation, the degenerated and necrotic tissues will gradually become edematous and adherent, making surgical treatment difficult after recurrence. It is recommended that patients with thyroid nodules weigh the risks and advantages of various treatment options under the guidance of a doctor and choose the appropriate treatment after full consideration.