The first and foremost measure in open pneumothorax first aid is to change an open pneumothorax into a closed one. Use sterile dressings such as petroleum jelly gauze and cotton pads to make impermeable dressings and compresses. When open pneumothorax occurs, air can freely enter and exit the chest cavity with breathing through the break in the chest wall. Air entering the chest cavity can compress the lungs, causing lung atrophy and affecting the respiratory function of the lungs. Failure to close the wound in time can lead to a large amount of gas into the chest cavity so that the lungs completely atrophied, the respiratory function disappeared, the patient may appear dyspnea, nasal flap, cyanosis, shock and other symptoms, serious may threaten the patient’s life. After converting open pneumothorax to closed pneumothorax the patient should be quickly transported to the hospital for treatment such as debridement, suturing, oxygenation, and closed chest drainage. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with open pneumothorax go to the hospital in time and be treated actively so as not to miss their condition.