Rectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Generally, rectal cancer is divided into high, intermediate and low rectal cancer according to the location of the cancer, which are more than 10cm from the anal verge, 7-10cm and less than 7cm respectively, while rectal cancer below 5cm from the anal verge is also called ultra-low rectal cancer. For a long time, Miles surgery (combined abdominoperineal resection with permanent abdominal wall fistula) has been the “gold standard” for the surgical treatment of low-grade rectal cancer, based on two main points: firstly, it achieves the goal of radical treatment, and secondly, it is impossible to complete rectal anastomosis with traditional techniques. With the improvement of people’s living standard, the demand for quality of life is getting higher and higher, which requires not only radical treatment but also maximum preservation of anus and function. Correspondingly, the goal of surgery has changed from “eradicating tumor and saving life” to “saving life and preserving function”, that is, the original pursuit of “life” has changed to “life + quality of life”. In other words, the goal of “life” has been changed to the dual goal of “life + quality of survival”. In the past 20 years, after a large number of clinicopathological studies and long-term observation of randomized controlled clinical data at home and abroad, two views have been clarified: (1) the resection length of distal rectal cancer >2 cm is sufficient, and (2) the 5-year survival rate of low rectal cancer that meets the indications for anus-preserving surgery will not be increased by performing Miles. As long as the indications for surgery are properly mastered, it is possible to preserve the anus and avoid permanent abdominal wall intestinal stoma for some ultra-low rectal cancers. In the past 5 years, I have performed anal preservation surgery on more than 100 patients with ultra-low rectal cancer 3-5 cm from the anus, and accumulated a set of practical experience in functional preservation surgery for ultra-low rectal cancer, which is very popular among patients because of the ideal clinical results! Wang Ju, Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Preservation of bilateral pelvic nerves Removal of normal rectal tissues 2 cm from the lower edge of the tumor Anastomosis of the colonic section and the anal dentate line, preservation of the anus