Gestural automatisms: simple gestures such as wiping the face, smashing the mouth, pawing the tongue, wringing the hands, grasping objects and fiddling with genitals, or making confused or comprehension-like movements; complex gestures such as buttoning or unbuttoning clothes, turning over pockets, dusting or arranging clothes, carrying furniture, turning over beds, or performing certain professional activities. This symptom can occur in patients with epilepsy. (A) Partial seizures 1. Simple partial seizures without impaired consciousness: ① Those with motor symptoms such as limited motor seizures, Jackson epilepsy, rotational seizures, postural seizures, developmental seizures. ② Those with somatosensory or special sensory symptoms, such as somatic seizures, visual seizures, auditory seizures, olfactory seizures, gustatory seizures, vertigo seizures, etc. (3) Those with vegetative symptoms, such as rising gas, vomiting, excessive sweating, pallor, flushing, intestinal tinnitus, vertical hair, dilated pupils, urinary and fecal incontinence, etc. ④Persons with psychiatric symptoms, such as speech disorder seizures, memory disorder seizures (commonly déjà vu, i.e., feeling of having experienced something unfamiliar; déjà vu, i.e., feeling unfamiliar with something familiar), emotional seizures, delusional seizures, and compound hallucinatory seizures. 2. Complex partial seizures with disorders of consciousness: ① First there are simple partial seizures, such as only disorders of consciousness, with automaticity. ② Start with impaired consciousness, only impaired consciousness and with automatisms. 3. Partial seizures develop into full-blown seizures: This may manifest as tonic-clonic seizures, tonic seizures, or clonic seizures. For example, simple partial seizures followed by generalized seizures, complex partial seizures followed by generalized seizures, simple partial seizures developed into complex partial seizures and then followed by generalized seizures. (b) Generalized seizures 1. Aphasic seizures are dominated by impaired consciousness such as: ① Typical aphasic seizures, also known as petit mal seizures are only impaired consciousness and can be accompanied by mild clonic component, atonic component, tonic component, automatisms or vegetative symptoms. ② atypical aphasic seizures. 2, myoclonic seizures: sudden, brief, rapid muscle contractions. It can spread throughout the body, or be limited to the face, trunk, limbs or individual muscle groups. It can occur individually, but rapid repetitive seizures are common. They occur most often in the morning when waking up and going to sleep; they can also be triggered by voluntary movements. 3. Tonic seizure: The whole body enters into tonic muscle spasm. The limbs are straight, the head and eyes are tilted to one side or backwardly depressed; the tonicity of the trunk causes corkscrew. It is often accompanied by vegetative symptoms such as pallor, flushing, and dilated pupils. 4, tonic-clonic seizures: also known as grand mal seizures, characterized by loss of consciousness and generalized convulsions. Seizures can be divided into three phases. (1) Tonic phase: All skeletal muscles show continuous contraction. The upper eyelids are raised and the eyes move upward. The larynx spasms and screams. The mouth opens strongly and then closes abruptly, possibly biting the tip of the tongue, the neck and trunk flexes and then recoils, and the upper limbs change from upward and backward rotation to inward and forward rotation. The lower limbs change from flexion to strong extension. After the tonic phase lasts for 10-20 S, subtle tremors appear at the extremities. (2) Clonic phase: When the tremor amplitude increases and extends to the whole body, it becomes intermittent spasm, that is, it enters the clonic phase. Each spasm is followed by a short period of muscle tension relaxation; the frequency of clonus gradually decreases; the relaxation period gradually lengthens. After the last strong spasm, the convulsion was abruptly terminated. In the above two phases, it is accompanied by increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased sweat, saliva and bronchial secretion, dilated pupils and other vegetative signs. Respiration is temporarily interrupted and the skin turns from pale to hairy. Pupillary reflex to light and deep and superficial reflexes disappear; road reflex extends. (3) late convulsions: after the clonic phase, there is still a brief tonic spasm, resulting in dental closure and urinary and fecal incontinence. Respiration is first restored: foam or blood spray from the mouth and nose, heart rate, blood pressure, pupils, etc. return to normal. Muscle tone relaxes; consciousness gradually awakens. After waking up, the patient feels headache, body aches and fatigue, and has no memory of the convulsions. Many patients fall into a coma after the impairment of consciousness is reduced. Some patients have automatic symptoms or emotional changes, such as rage and panic, before they are fully awake. The EEG shows diffuse 10Hz/sec waves with gradually increasing amplitude in the tonic phase, and diffuse slow waves with intermittent clusters of spikes in the clonic phase, and low flat recordings in the late convulsive phase. 5, clonic seizures: different from the previous one, only repetitive generalized clonus, with gradually slowing frequency and constant intensity, the late convulsions are generally shorter. The EEG shows fast activity, slow waves, and occasionally spike-slow waves. This seizure occasionally leads to a tonic-clonic seizure, forming a clonic-tonic-clonic seizure.