The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) announced in May the theme for World Diabetes Day 2014 (November 14) – Healthy Eating and Diabetes. It was announced that for three consecutive years starting in 2014, World Diabetes Day activities will focus on healthy eating and its important role in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes and avoiding complications. Food is the order of the day, and what, how and how much to eat are the daily realities that diabetics face. With the rapid development of our society, people are consuming too many calories and high nutrition in their diets, and with little exercise, the number of diabetics is increasing, and the trend is younger. Diabetes is closely related to diet, and diet directly affects blood sugar and the condition of the patient. Many patients think that diabetes can be controlled by medication alone, but in fact, to control blood sugar well, to control the disease more effectively, and to reduce complications, it is necessary to learn more about self-management strategies, such as establishing a healthy lifestyle, healthy eating habits, moderate daily exercise, emotional management, and understanding one’s own blood sugar status. Diabetes is ultimately a lifestyle disease, and what and how you eat directly affects the level of blood glucose, so diabetes prevention and treatment is shifting from a drug-controlled model to a comprehensive self-management model that emphasizes scientific diet. Many people will think that diabetes is a “sugar” trouble, prevention and control of diabetes is not to eat “sugar”. In fact, “sugar” is only one factor in the diabetic diet, not all. Diabetic patients need more comprehensive nutrition than normal people, and do not absolutely favor any kind of food, the diet should be reasonable and balanced. Diabetic patients should pay attention to the following five points in their daily diet: 1, food diversity, cereals and potatoes is the basis of any one food can not contain all the nutrients, only through a variety of food mix to achieve complete nutrition. Diversification of food varieties is a necessary condition to obtain comprehensive nutrition, should do: staple food coarse and fine grains with; side dishes meat and vegetarian food with; do not picky food, do not partial food daily intake of four categories of food: cereals and potatoes, vegetables and fruits, meat, eggs and fats. Staple foods provide rich carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals, and the starch contained in them is digested by the body and goes through a complex metabolic process to be finally converted into glucose, which can avoid hypoglycemic reactions and does not raise blood sugar too fast, especially oats, buckwheat, corn and other coarse grains. Vegetables can provide inorganic salts, vitamins and dietary fiber for the body. One must eat green vegetables daily, especially the leaves and stems of green vegetables. Fruit has always been a heartache for diabetics, in fact, for most diabetics, it is perfectly possible to both control blood sugar and enjoy the benefits and pleasures of fruit. 2, adhere to regular and quantitative meals, and advocate a small number of meals a small number of meals can ensure adequate nutrition, but also reduce the burden on the pancreas, conducive to good blood sugar control. It is recommended to have at least 3 meals a day, and 4-5 meals are appropriate for those who inject insulin, which can prevent hypoglycemia; regular and quantitative meals, consistent with the effect of drugs and exercise time, so that blood sugar will not fluctuate too much. Dietary fiber is also a polysaccharide, which cannot be digested and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and does not produce heat. Dietary fiber can be divided into soluble fiber: oats, buckwheat, fruit pectin, algae pectin and konjac products and other artificial extracts; insoluble fiber: the skin of cereals (coarse grains), the skin and kernel of fruits, vegetable stems and leaves, corn flour, etc. The effects of dietary fiber: slowing down the absorption of blood sugar and blood lipids, keeping the bowels open, and reducing hunger. The daily intake of dietary fiber should be increased: 25-30g per day 4. Water can dilute blood sugar and blood viscosity, dissolve a variety of nutrients, so that it is easy to absorb and use; help defecate, “clean” the urinary tract, so that nitrogenous waste discharge, prevention and control of cardiovascular disease. Due to high blood sugar concentration, forcing the body to increase the amount of urine to excrete excess sugar, and urinate more, the body loses more water, so you have to drink more water, which is a self-protection measures of the body. If there is no kidney or heart disease, and there is no edema or other conditions that restrict drinking, diabetic patients should pay attention to drinking more water, ensuring 6-8 glasses of water (1500-2000 ml) per day. Alcohol is high in calories, with 1g of alcohol producing 7Kcal of heat, and contains no other nutrients and increases the burden on the liver. Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach is prone to hypoglycemia, especially when injecting insulin or taking oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs. If you can’t avoid it, you should try not to drink white wine, but drink beer and fruit wine with low alcohol concentration. Avoid drinking alcohol on an empty stomach. 5, reduce the intake of fat and sugar Glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, etc. can make blood sugar rise rapidly. Excessive intake may lead to insulin secretion insensitivity and aggravate diabetes, and may also enhance triglyceride synthesis in the body and raise blood lipids. Therefore, diabetics should be wary of the sucrose hidden in snacks, bread, cookies and canned fruit; cook without sugar as much as possible; do not drink sugary drinks; do not consume large amounts of honey; and drink unsweetened milk and unsweetened yogurt. However, this does not mean that it is absolutely forbidden. If a diabetic patient has a hypoglycemic reaction, sugar should be added promptly to restore the body. Fat intake does not easily produce a sense of satiety, so it is often easy to overindulge . Visible fats: various cooking fats, butter, animal oils, animal skin, invisible fats: meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, eggs, and nut foods such as peanuts, melon seeds, walnuts, sesame paste, and fried foods, hamburgers. Excessive intake of fat is associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; may increase insulin resistance, reduce insulin sensitivity, so that blood sugar increases fat should provide less than 30% of the total calories. 6, reduce salt intake Low-salt diet can not only prevent hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, but also reduce the patient’s pancreatic burden, which is conducive to improving sugar metabolism and stabilizing the condition. Therefore, diabetic patients should control the intake of salt, cooking dishes with less salt, soy sauce, chicken essence, ketchup and other condiments. At the same time, try to eat fresh food and avoid canned food, salted vegetables, salted fish, salted eggs and other foods. While diabetic patients pay attention to food desirability, they should not ignore the impact of eating habits on blood sugar. Reasonable eating habits are good for blood sugar control; irregular and unreasonable eating habits can make the condition worse. Diabetic patients should do a small number of meals under the premise that the total daily food intake remains unchanged, and they can eat 4 to 6 meals a day, or even more.