Thyroid disease is a common clinical condition, most common in women between the ages of 20 and 40, and requires surgery. Traditional thyroid surgery leaves a 6-10 cm long “suicide” surgical scar on the front of the neck, and the severed dermal nerve can cause postoperative neck discomfort and abnormal sensation, often causing a large psychological burden to patients. With the rapid development of the economy, people’s living standards and aesthetic requirements continue to improve, the requirements for surgical treatment is no longer purely from the perspective of curing the disease, aesthetics and quality of life improvement has become a necessary consideration for thyroid surgery. With the rapid development of lumpectomy instruments and techniques this year, a surgical procedure that can remove the tumor without affecting the aesthetics of the neck has emerged —— laparoscopic thyroid surgery. This procedure combines modern lumpectomy technology with traditional surgical methods, replacing the usual surgical incision in the neck with three small holes in a very low position in front of the chest to complete the surgery, greatly increasing the cosmetic effect and allowing for a quick postoperative recovery and discharge from the hospital in 3-5 days. Since the thyroid region is different from the abdominal and thoracic cavities, the fascial space needs to be artificially separated, thus establishing a relatively open and confined surgical operating space suitable for the operation of lumpectomy instruments. This technique is more complex and difficult than open surgery in terms of operation and instrumentation, and requires the surgeon to be skilled in lumpectomy in addition to extensive experience in open surgery. This technique is mostly concentrated in areas where laparoscopic techniques are well developed. In addition to its cosmetic benefits, laparoscopic thyroidectomy has other advantages. First, because of the intraoperative application of the ultrasonic knife, the thyroid vessels and glands do not require additional sutures, ligatures with titanium clips, and the ultrasonic knife, unlike the electric knife, does not produce electric current and produces very little thermal damage to the nerves and parathyroid glands, which can greatly shorten the time and improve the safety of the operation; second, the lumpectomy itself has a certain magnification effect, which makes the local anatomy very clear, so the traditional thyroid complications such as intraoperative vascular hemorrhage, injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, miscut parathyroid glands, and tracheal injury are indistinguishable from or even less frequent than in conventional surgery. The indications for lumpectomy are (1) benign thyroid tumors less than 5 cm in diameter (simple goiter, nodular goiter or cystic hyperplasia, thyroid adenoma, etc.). Because cystic nodules can be aspirated and decompressed, their diameter can exceed 5 cm; (2) hyperthyroidism below grade II enlargement; (3) benign or low-grade follicular lesions; (4) early thyroid cancer (e.g., low-grade malignant papillary carcinoma). Thyroid tumors larger than 5 cm in diameter, grade III hyperthyroidism, history of previous neck surgery or radiation therapy, and thyroiditis are relative contraindications to lumpectomy thyroid surgery. Patients with large or multiple nodular goiter, impaired coagulation mechanisms, inability to tolerate general anesthesia, and advanced thyroid cancer are still contraindications to lumpectomy thyroid surgery. It should be noted that both contraindications and indications for lumpectomy thyroid surgery are relative. Therefore, the indications for lumpectomy should be strictly controlled, and the treatment effect should not be neglected in the unilateral pursuit of beauty and minimally invasive surgery, which is putting the cart before the horse. If intraoperative tumor is too large and difficult to operate, if thyroid tumor is rich in blood flow, bleeding is high and hemostasis is difficult, or if fast freezing pathology is adenocarcinoma with high malignancy, it should be promptly transferred to conventional surgery to ensure patient safety and surgical results.