Smoking is a major predisposing factor for emphysema. Quitting smoking for one year does not restore emphysema, but it can promote recovery and control of the disease. Usually about 80% of emphysema is due to smoking, and the risk of emphysema in patients who smoke is 6 times higher than that in non-smokers, while second-hand smoke, air pollution, etc., can also induce emphysema. The pathologic changes in emphysema are mainly the destruction of the alveolar walls leading to permanent enlargement of the alveoli and alveolar ducts. Although smoking cessation does not directly recover emphysema, timely cessation of smoking can reduce lung irritation and improve lung function, which is helpful for emphysema recovery, and if the patient is accompanied by medication and surgical treatment, the patient’s condition can be improved. It is recommended that emphysema patients quit smoking, strictly comply with the doctor’s instructions for treatment, and under the guidance of the doctor reasonable standardization of medication and reasonable smoking cessation.