Ulcerative colitis is categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, and treatment options are chosen primarily based on severity. For mild ulcerative colitis, topical and oral aminosalicylic acid drugs can be taken; for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, glucocorticosteroids or immunosuppressants, as well as biologics can be preferred, and surgical treatment can be considered when complications arise. For patients with mild ulcerative colitis, appropriate administration of mesalazine can alleviate intestinal wall edema, intestinal wall inflammation, and promote the recovery of colitis. However, when the progress is more severe, in moderate to severe, at this time, the choice of glucocorticosteroids such as dexamethasone, as well as immunosuppressants such as azathioprine, biologics such as infliximab, to promote the recovery of colitis, and complications can be considered when surgical treatment. In addition, for patients with ulcerative colitis, it is important to develop good living habits, regular work and rest, clean diet, reduce the intake of greasy food. All of the above medications should be used under a doctor’s supervision, avoid self-medication.