The spine is an important support structure to maintain the body standing. The spine is composed of vertebrae connected to each other, and the vertebrae and vertebrae are connected by intervertebral discs and small joints, and this clever connection not only makes the spine supportive, but also has a certain degree of mobility. Diseases such as lumbar spondylolisthesis, disc herniation, and lumbar fractures often damage the vertebrae and discs and affect the stability of the spine, causing pain and sometimes even endangering the nerve structure and sciatic nerve pain; spinal surgery often requires removal of the herniated discs and partial removal of the enlarged small joints to relieve the compression of the discs and enlarged bones on the nerves, which often results in local stability structures This often results in the destruction of local stability structures. If the stability of the spine is significantly compromised, it should be stabilized to restore support to the spine and protect the nerve structures in the spinal canal, which is known as spinal fusion. Spinal fusion is performed by implanting autologous bone or biomaterial between adjacent vertebrae, and as the bone graft heals between the two vertebrae, a stable and strong connection is once again established between the two vertebrae. With traditional fusion, the patient often has to rest in bed, including urination and defecation, until the two vertebrae are firmly connected (i.e., successful fusion), which often takes 3 months to 6 months, and the patient is poorly treated after surgery due to prolonged bed rest. With the development of modern spine surgery, the pedicle screw technique has been widely used to reconstruct the connection and stability of the spine using fixation screws immediately after the removal of the nerve-compressed discs and bone spurs, and most patients no longer need absolute bed rest and can move around after the soft tissues heal, which improves the quality of life of patients after surgery to some extent. In addition, through the implantation of internal fixation, the anatomical position of the vertebrae can be better reconstructed (propping up the vertebral space and enlarging the intervertebral foramen), and a more appropriate vertebral space and spinal sequence can be restored (restoring the appropriate curve of the lumbar spine and repositioning the slipped vertebral body), which can avoid the dislodgement and displacement of bone graft to a greater extent and increase the success rate of fusion.