Kidney tumor is a common tumor in the urological system, and kidney cancer is the second malignant tumor in the urological system after bladder cancer. With the extension of life expectancy and the improvement of examination technology, the clinical detection rate of kidney tumor is increasing year by year. In order to improve the understanding of renal tumors, standardize the diagnosis and treatment of renal tumors, and carry out scientific research in a systematic way, the work done by the Department of Urology of Beijing Youan Hospital is as follows: I. Standardized diagnosis: At present, due to the rapid development of imaging technology and the improvement of people’s health awareness, the detection rate of small renal tumors and incidental cancers has increased significantly. Benign renal tumors, especially those rarely recognized in the past, such as renal eosinophilic adenoma and posterior renal adenoma, are increasing, and atypical manifestations occur from time to time. For this reason, how to identify benign and malignant renal tumors? It is important to make sure that malignant tumors are not missed or misdiagnosed, and that benign tumors are not treated excessively or unnecessarily. In view of this, our preoperative examination requirements for renal tumor: 1. Routinely perform ultrasound, CT (plain + enhanced), KUB + IVP examination of both kidneys to understand the function of both kidneys, tumor location, size, morphology, blood supply and invasion of surrounding organs, and on this basis to clarify the nature of the tumor, and at the same time to perform clinical staging of renal cancer; 2. Perform thin layer CT (plain + enhanced + reconstruction) for renal tumor with diameter <5cm. To identify the benign and malignant tumors and determine the feasibility of partial nephrectomy. For small tumors that cannot be characterized by the above examinations, CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy is feasible to clarify the nature of the tumor; 3. CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, NK) to understand the preoperative immune function of patients, so as to evaluate whether immunotherapy or immunochemotherapy should be administered and to assess the therapeutic effect; 5. Standardized treatment: 1. laparoscopic radical nephrectomy or laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal cancer T1aN0M0 patients, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cancer T1bN0M0 patients; 2. laparoscopic radical nephrectomy or open radical nephrectomy for renal cancer T2N0M0 patients; 3. open radical nephrectomy for renal cancer T3aN0M0 patients; 4. Radical nephrectomy for kidney cancer T3aN0M0 patients, open radical nephrectomy + removal of cancer embolus for kidney cancer T3bN0M0 patients; 4.Open palliative nephrectomy for Robson stage IIIB and Robson stage IIIC patients; for Robson stage IV patients with a single metastatic lesion, palliative nephrectomy should be performed as far as possible under the condition permitting; 5.Patients with kidney cancer diameter >10cm should be treated with preoperative palliative nephrectomy as appropriate. For patients with renal cancer >10cm in diameter, preoperative embolization of the affected renal artery should be performed as appropriate to facilitate preoperative chemotherapy and prevent intraoperative hemorrhage; 6. benign tumors, laparoscopic nephrectomy is routinely performed, and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is routinely performed for renal tumors <5 cm in diameter whose nature is not yet clear.